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COOMBS' POPULAR 

PHRENOLOGY, 

MESMERISM, AND SPIRITUALISM. 



1 




JOHN J. REED, PRINTER, 43 CENTRE ST. N. Y. 

MDCCCLXV 



Phrenology leads to Mesmerism. 

In the fall of 1842 having witnessed a great number of experi 
ments and Lectures, by Mr. F. Coombs, illustrating and proving the 
truths of animal and spiritual magnetism on the citizens of Albany, 
during a continued success every night consecutively for six weeks 
in one of the largest halls of the capital of the Empire State, ob- 
taining the highest testimonials from the Patroon and others, leaving 
no doubt of the truths of these beautiful sciences, in the minds of 
any citizens of Albany at that time. 

To F. Coombs, esq. Mrs. J. M. Black, 

Brooks' House, Miss C. M. Black, 

July 12, 1860. 3d st. next door to the PhiPa Bakery,, 

San Francisco. 

Benjamin Franklin's head was not clear on Mesmerism in 1778. 

Mesmerism leads to Spiritualism. 



Complimentary from Spirit Land. 

Is General Washington present, or will he be so good as to 
communicate with his admirer, Frederick Coombs ? 

Friend Coombs : Your life has been one marked, having for its 
object the welfare of your fellow man, but alike thousands who 
have preceded you and are now among the blessed above, your 
usefulness, your greatness, will never be fully appreciated until 
you have bid adieu to that world ; then will your name be heralded 
throughout the world as one of Earth's greatest benefactors, then be 
content to labour awhile longer in the cause of humanity, and you 
will be called to your great rewards. You are living nearly fifty 
years ahead of your mission, but a Pioneer you are, and your name 
will be transmitted to generations yet unborn as the world's bene- 
factor. Your Guide, 

(J. V. M. Writer.) George Washington. 

P. S. Spiritualism leads you to try to do your duty ! 



COOMBS' 

POPULAR PHRENOLOGY: 

EXHIBITING THE 

PHRENOLOGICAL ADMEASUREMENTS 

OF ABOVE 

FIFTY DISTINGUISHED AND EXTRAORDINARY PERSONAGES, 
OF BOTH SEXES; 

WITH SKULLS OF THK 

VARIOUS NATIONS OF THE WORLD 

©mbjeUisbeb mui) abotjje fifty} (Engramngs, 

C AND POETICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF 

BEAUTY, INTELLECT, AND PHYSIOGNOMY 

WITH OBSERVATIONS EXPLANATORY OF THE SCIENCE, 

ADAPTED TO THE CHARACTER OF 




NEW YOEK: 

FOWLER AND WELLS, PUBLISHERS, 
NO. 308 BROADWAY. 
Boston: ) t Philadelphia 



1865. \ No. ! 



142 Washington St f i860. } No. 281 Arch Street. 



-Bftf 







SUfcw&d. azcoTamg c Act of Congress, in. the year i£ii 

B j F coo n n £ 

Stt to* ^^r'if'a OS:* of the District Court ot toe Pistnct ©• 

Massachusetts 



*» 

^ 



A 



Phrenological Character of Gen. Washington. 

The Patriot, Hero, Statesman, here behold. 

Whose soul undaunted, and lion courage bold, 

Rescued his bleeding country from foreign tyrants' yoke, 

And then, (surpassing greatness,) laid his high honors at your feet 




Physiognomical Character. 

The firm the pure the kind, expressive face, 

(Fair mirror of a fairer soul !) 

Proclaims to all the world that all is peace within. 

Rest ! warrior, rest ! thy glorious deeds and memory lives 

With grateful millions, till time shall be r.o more. 



PREFACE. 



In presenting this little work to the public, the author has 
oeen impelled by a desire of furnishing some tangible and 
positive evidence of the truth of Phrenology, and the practica- 
bility of a mathematical demonstration of this beautiful sci- 
ence, of practical utility. 

it has iong been a desideratum to obtain some uniform and 
certain mode of ascertaining the exact amount of cerebral 
matter or brain in the several compartments of the skull, 
invariably assuming the point between the ears as the basis 
of the superstructure. This the author hopes he has success- 
fully accomplished. 

Amongst the tables of admeasurements, are those of nearly 
fifty remarkable or distinguished persons, contrasted with those 
of idiots, murderers, &c. There are also nearly as many re- 
markable and well-authenticated skulls of the various nations 
of the world. 

lie begs to express his obligations to those gentlemen who 
have so kindly permitted their names to be used for the ad- 
vancement of science. To the ladies, also, he is much in- 
debted ; but, with that native modesty which is so character- 
istic of the American ladies, he could not obtain permission to 
give their names in full. 

Remarkable as many of the skulls may appear, they have all 
been accurately drawn from well-authenticated natural speci- 
mens. 

1* 



Amplication of the Phrenometer. 

The admeasurements of skulls here presented, it ought to 
be understood, have not been selected for the purpose of main- 
taining a favorite theory, but embrace the greater part of 
F. Coombs's private collection, and may at any time be seen 
at his office, the remainder being, with one or two exceptions 
in the Museum of the Boston Medical Society, who will not 
be accused of any partiality for the science. The author has 
to express his obligations to the President, Dr. Warren, for 
his politeness in the use of them. In these tables there is one 
remarkable feature, which cannot fail to strike the superficial 
observer. In comparing the intellectual faculties of the Afri- 
cans, Asiatics, Indians, and Malay variety of the human fam- 
ily, it will be seen, although some were gigantic men, there is 
not one of them exceeding 41 in the organs of comparison 
and causality; whilst none of the heads of even very diminu- 
tive men, but who have distinguished themselves in letters, 
are so deficient in the above organs, ik to 41 appears to be a 
line of demarkation distinctly drawn betwixt superior and in 
ferior heads. The establishment of this fact is probably one 
of the most important of the present age, and constitutes a new 
era in the science of Phrenology. It is hoped the results here 
submitted will stimulate others in the profession to make simi 
lar collections, and, if possible, by the same instrument; fo. 
which purpose the drawing is given. No phrenologist ough 
to think of estimating the size or volume of brain, without fre- 
quently resorting to this instrument, as it will be found to be 
of the very greatest importance in forming a correct estimate 
of the proportions of the head, or phrenological organs. In 
offering these remarks, the author conceives it to be a duty he 
owes the public to caution them not to condemn the science 
from an imperfect examination of the head by mere tyros in 
the profession. To this instrument he always resorts in doubt- 
ful or contested cases. The results obtained give the exact 
length of fibre from the base of the brain, or point exactly mid- 
way between the ears, to the external development of every 
organ. The temperaments of the individuals are not desig- 
nated, but of all the distinguished heads he has examined, the 
whole of them, or nearly so, are strongly marked with the 
bilious, and rarely with lymphatic. It will be seen that the 
heads of giants are not corresponding with their extraordinary 
statures, the Kentucky giant being small as a dwarf in some 
of his animal organs. The head is somew 7 hat in proportion to 



the body, yet it by no means follows that a giant nas a gigan- 
tic head.* Strictly speaking, these admeasurements give the 
size of one hemisphere of the brain only, the other, of course, 
being a complete counterpart, the action in both being simul- 
taneous. In comparing the heads of living persons with the 
skulls, as a general rule about one eighth of an inch must be 
allowed to the skulls, to allow for the thickness of the hair, 
integuments, &c, excepting in the organs of tune, construct- 
iveness, and acquisitiveness, and also amativeness, in which 
organs the thickness of the muscles cannot be ascertained. 
We cannot, therefore, in these organs, compare the skulls with 
the living heads ; every other organ may, allowing only the 
difference as before stated. Language, and some of the per- 
ceptive organs, which cannot be measured, are omitted in this 
scale. 



* There is generally an analogous formation betwixt the head and body, 
in so far as this : where he has observed a head very large in the animal 
organs, it is usually accompanied with a strong, vigorous, muscular devel- 
opment of body, as admirably illustrated in the forms of the different 
sexes. It will be almost invariably found, females are as deficient of 
the combative propensities as of the physical powers necessary to carry 
them into execution, of which fact persons may easily satisfy themselves 
by comparing the widths of heads of the opposite sexes, man being usu 
ally much the widest in the base around the ears where these organs are 
located. The admeasurements of heads are also strikingly illustrative of 
this fact, being almost invariably found wider from ear to ear in destruc- 
tiveness in male heads of every description, as illustrated by the outlines 
below. To those desirous of knowing their own exact cerebral organiza- 
jion, these tables are given for the purpose of enabling them to compare 
themselves critically and accurately w th the great variety of remarkabl* 
heads given, also as a means of judging of the science. 





A certain width of head is necessary to give impetus, reso- 
lution, and determination of character, in either ladies or 
gentlemen; and when too wide in either, implies passion 
and severity. The science in this respect is of incalculable 
value, enabling us by its assistance to form happy matrimo- 
nial alliances, &c. [See page 117.] 




Explanation of Lines , 3fC. on next page. 

No. I is the correct drawing of the back-head of a reckles. 4 
murderer. No. 2 that of a cowardly Hindoo. The lines ra- 
diating from the base give the length of the organ 6, or de- 
structiveness , the organ 12, or caution ; the perpendicular line 
of firmness, &c. So in the tables of measures, they extend to 
every organ except language and the perceptive faculties. 
By turning the instrument on its axis, the balls resting in the 
ears, [see the drawing,] we obtain with equal facility the 
front, back, and side organs, «or rather o^ perfect hemisphere 
of the brain, to the fractional parts of inches, and this is pro- 
bably the only plan yet devised for obtaining the length or 
size of each organ from this centre or base of the brain, admit- 
ted by all to be the point from which it may be said all the , 
organs originate. 

These tables have been prepared with the most scrupulous 
regard to accuracy, and have been invariably taken by himself, 
(except his own head,) with the same beautiful instrument. 
They are intended for a twofold purpose — first, as a means of 
accurate comparison between highly civilized, semi-barbarou? 



10 

and savage nations. Secondly, as a standard of comparison 
for thos-2 who may wish to submit themselves to the same 
rigid test of mathematical demonstration — for which purpose 
a vacant column is left for such comparison with F. Coombs' 
approved bust, or p v rfect head, also with the head of the Pres 
ident of the United States, members of Congress, &c. 

Whilst to many these tables may appear somewhat tedious 
and uninteresting, yet the author conceives, to those who are 
desirous of investigating the merits of the science, they will 
prove highly attractive ; the exact phrenological character of 
every skull and person being accurately ascertained by this 
mode, and every portion of the head presented to view with 
much greater accuracy than the most costly engravings or 
descriptions could do. 

This mode of proceeding will also tend to disabuse the pub- 
lic mind of the erroneous ideas entertained as to the minute 
bumps and depressions supposed to be mainly indicative of 
character, but which rarely exist to any extent ; whilst by 
these tables it will be seen that many heads differ several 
injnes in the same organs. It is this which enables the phre- 
nologist to give such striking evidences of the truth of the 
science, and not from bumps which it would require a micro 
scopic power to discover. 




[No. i.] 



[No. 2. J 



11 



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3| 


22 

^4 


27 


24 


2| 


34 


34 


H 


34 


6. Des*tr. 


3ft 


Q 3 


31 


3 


3 


2f 


24 


34 


2| 


n 


34 


Alim. 












2f 










34 


7. Secre. 


3f 




4i 


34 


34 


31 






34 


n 


41 


8. Acqui. 


4 


3f 


41 


4 


31 


34 






3f 


4 


4f 


9. Const. 


3? 


3f 




4 


3i 


3f 






31 


^5 


41 


10. Self-E. 


5 


5* 


5| 


5| 


5 


54 


5| 


5| 


64 


5ft 


6 


11. Appro. 


5ft 


5h 


5i 


5| 


5 


°B- 


5 


5| 


6 


5ft 


54 


12. Cau. 


4§ 


H 


54 


43 

^8 


44 


5 


44 


51 


54 


4| 


5| 


13. Benev. 


H 


^1 1 

D TF 


51 




51 


5J- 


54 


5| 


64 


H 


6 


14. Vener. 


6f 


5f| 


51 


5| 


5| 


5| 


54 


Hi 


6ft 


5f 


61 


Id. Firm. 


5* 


5if 


m 


5f 


5f 


5f 


54 


5| 


6| 


H 


61 


16. Consci. 


5i 


5U 


Hi 


°8" 


5| 


55 






6ft 


H 


64 


17. Hope 


5i 


5ft 


J 16 


53 


5f 


54 






61 


54 


6 


18. Marv. 


5* 


H 


5f 


















19. Ideal. 


4| 


a 3 


54 


5 


51 


5' 


4| 


44 


5f 


4x3 

d 16 


H 


20. Mirth 


4| 


5 


51 


54 


44 


5 






54 


4_5 

^8 


5| 


21. Imita. 


5* 


5* 


53 




54 


54 






54 


5 ' 


6 


22. Indiv. 


4* 


4i 


5 


44 


44 


4f 


4| 


4 I 


44 


4 


44 


27. Local. 


4| 


4| 


54 




44 


4| 




4| 


5 


4 1 


4| 


28. Calctj. 


3| 


3} 


4 


4|- 




3| 


4 


41 

^4 


41 


Q 9 
?3 TF 


4f 


29. Order 


4 




4f 


43 




44 




4| 


4| 


344 


44 


30. Event. 


4 5 




51 


5 


4| 








54 


44 




32. Tune 








41 


34 


3| 






4- 1 - 


34 


41 


34. Comp. 


5 


5ft 


54 


54 


5| 


5ft 


54 


5| 


5| 


4| 


54 


35. Caus. 


5 


6* 


5* 


5ft 


5ft 


5ft 


51 


51 


5| 


4ft 


54 



14 



Admeasurements 


g «J 




8i 


U 


nT 


"<d *o 


O 


■ 

O 

a 




O 




of 

Heads 

of Remarka>e 

Persons. 


SO 


R 

o 

'> 
■■a 


G .J 

CI 
d> o 

? s 


-* .J 


si 

C g) 




00 

>> 

OS 


00 





ml 

a £ 

S « 


1 

s 

£ 

2 






"3 
o 

5 




Q 


^ 


s 


.2 

-5 


<S2 


3 


73 5i 
•*» 

3|" 


be 

4| 


1. Amat. 


3| 


% 


% 


3| 


3f 


2 


2| 


2 


3| 


2. Philo. 


H 


3| 


3| 


4| 


4 


4 T V 


3| 


3| 


4* 


4^ 


5 8 - 


3. Conce. 


5| 


4| 


2* 


5 


43 


4 t V 






4 




5^ 


4. Adhes. 


41 


3£ 


3i 


4* 


4 


3| 


3i 


3* 


H 


41 


5 8 - 


5. Comb a 


3i 


3i 


3 


3* 


3A 


q 9 


2-H 


21 


31 


3| 


4b- 


6. Destr. 


3i 


3* 


3* 


3| 


3J 


3| 


2| 


21 


3| 


3* 


3A 


Alim. 
























7. Secre. 


4* 


4 


34 


3f 


4J 


31 


31 




H 


4| 


4f 


8. Acqui. 




4 


3f 


3f 




H 






H 


4 


43 


9. Const. 


3| 


3f 


4 


3* 


4J 

5f 


3* 


3* 


3 8 - 


4 


4 


4 


10. Self-E. 


5f 


5| 


H 


4 


5 


4| 


4| 


H 


6^ 


5| 


11. Appro. 


5£ 


5J- 


5* 


H 




5 


4* 


4* 


H 


6 


5| 


12. Cau. 


5* 


4£ 


«f 


H 


5i 


«A 


4| 


4 


H 


5i 


5 


13. Benev. 


5A 


sg- 


54 


4* 


5| 


5& 


H 


4J 


5| 


6* 


5| 


14. Vener. 


Sf 


si 


5| 


5f 


5f 


5« 


H 


5 


5* 


6^ 


51- 


15. Firm. 


6 


51 


5f 


5£ 


6 


51 


5 


5^ 


5A 


6* 


5| 


16. Consci. 


5* 


5| 


H 


6 




5| 


47 


4M 


5A 




51 


17. Hope 


5# 


5| 


H 


5J 




5+ 






oi 




m 


18. Marv. 












4 












19. Ideal. 


5 


5 


5 


5| 


5§ 


4| 


4| 


4J 


H 


5* 


5 


20. Mirth 


41 


4f 


H 


4£ 


4} 


H 


4i 








H 


21. Imita. 


5i 


5f 


•5| 


5 ! 




H 


4^ 


4f 


5| 


61 


H 


22. Indiv. 


4# 


4A 


41 


5 


4| 


4> 


4 


3| 


4f 


4f 


H 


27. Local. 


*i 


4| 


4| 


3 S 


H 


4| 


4 


3f 


5i 




5 


28. Calcu. 


4 


4 






4 


3f 


3f 


3| 


4^ 




41 


29. Order 


41 


3f 


4* 


4* 




4* 


Q 9 


3i 






4f 


30. Event. 


4f 


4* 


4} 






4^ 






5| 




5 T V 


32. Tune 




3| 


4 


4| 


4* 




34- 




4f 






34. Comp. 


5i 


5 


5* 


•5 


5| 


4£ 


4| 


4* 


5f 


5* 


5f 


35. Caits. 


5* 


4f 


5* 


47 
^3- 


5£ 


4* 


4 T \ 


4* 


5* 


54 


5i 



15 



Adneasurements 


ft 


S 

2 

3 


2 

IE 


a 


o3 
"1 


6 


9 

*5 


d 





a 




of 


B^ 


P5 


g 


JE3 

T3Q 


£=; 


£ 


c 


s 


S3 


.5 




Skulls. 






c3 

V 

3 


o -s 


o 

c 

C 




•a 

c 


JD 


05 

Is 

B 


'£ 

3 




,2 






bo 

W 


Oh 


fi~ 


5 
3jf 


s 

3 


i 

31 


34 


22 


< 

34 


1 
3f 


1. Amat. 


3| 


34 


8* 


34 


2. Philo. 


4 


41 


a 

^4 


34 


3J 


3| 


3« 


3| 


34 


3| 


4| 


3. Conce. 


44 


4| 


3 


4| 


3| 


4| 


44 


44 


44 




4. Adhes. 


31 


4 


24 


34 


3| 


34 


O 9 




34 


4| 


5. COMBA. 


3| 


24 


2| 


2f 


3 


2* 


3 


24 


2| 


24 


3 


6. Destr. 


3 


2ft 


9 3 

^T6 


21 


2| 


92 


21 


24 


24 


24 


3| 


Alim. 


2| 


9 i 


24 












2| 


2 




7. Secre. 


3| 


3i 


31 


3 


34 


3 


3| 


2| 


31 


34 


3f- 


8. Acqui. 


3| 


34 


34 


34 


34 


31 


3f 


3 


34 


31 




9. Const. 


3| 


31 


31 


34 


34 


31 


3f 


34 


3| 


31 


34 


10. Self-E. 


5 


4 I 


41 


44 


A7 


4ft 


44 


4* 


5ft 


4| 


5ft 


11. Appro. 


44 


4| 


4ft 


H 


47 


4| 


44 


4* 


44 


4| 


44 


12. Cau. 


4ft 


4ft 


4| 


4tV 


4 9 


4ft 


44 


4 


4| 


44 


44 


13. Benev. 


5ft 


H 


4ft 


4| 


5 




5 


4| 


44 


4ft 


44 


14. Vener. 


5ft 


4ft 


4J 


4| 


6* 


4ft 


44 


4ft 


5 


44 


4*1 


15. Firm. 


5* 


4*4 


4| 


4*4 


5* 


44 


5ft 


44 


H 


4*4 


5 


16. Consci. 


5ft 


4+4 


4f 


4*4 


5 T V 


4ft 


5 


4ft 


5 


4*4 


44 


17. Hope 


5ft 


4ft 


4* 


4| 


5 


H 


44 


44 


44 


H 


4*4 


18. Marv. 


44 


4ft 


4ft 












44 


4ft 


4| 


19. Ideal. 


4*4 


44 


44 


4f 


4 9 
4 TF 


4ft 


4 7 


H 


44 


4ft 


44 


20. Mirth 


4| 


4ft 


34 


4| 


4 5 


44 


44 


4ft 


4 


4 1 


4ft 


21. Imita. 


44 


41 


41 


4*4 


47 


4 1 


4f 


44 


4| 


43 


4ft 


22. Indiv. 


4f 


3J 


34 


41 


4ft 


^4 


34 


34 


4 


3*1 


4ft 


27. Local. 


4ft 


3*4 


34 


4-Ar 


44 


3 15 


41 


3J 


44 


34 


4ft 


28. Calcu. 


3£ 


34 


31 


4 


03 


34 


34 


3ft 


34 


34 


3| 


29. Order 


44 


3*4 


3| 


4ft 


4 


3i 


31 


34 


3| 


34 


H 


30. Event. 


4i 


4 


Ql 1 


4| 


4ft 


4 


41 


4 


44 


4 


41 


32. Tune 


34 


3i 


34 












34 


34 


34 


34. Comp. 


44 


4* 


3*4 


4* 


41 


41 


4 9 


4ft 


44 


4ft 


4f 


35. Caus. 


4*1 


4 1. 


4 


4* 


4ft 


44 


4 9 _ 


4ft 


4ft 


44 


4g 



16 



Admeasurements 






£ 




.1° 


•* 

c5 




S 

^ 


T3 

C 




S 


of 
Skulls. 


M 


.2 


IS 




.52 


W 

«J 
O 

O 


£ S 

c or. 




6 

c 
a 


5E 




£2 


3 


£ 


V 


'— < £j 


a 


ci 


£ 5 


!• 


> 






3| 


3f 


3f 


J 4 


3i 


00 
3f 


34 


3J 


^TF 


1-5 

3* 


31 


1. Am AT. 


2. Piiilo. 


4* 


4i 


3J 


4J 


4* 


4* 


H 


4ft 


4 


41 


4b- 


3. Conce. 


H 


5* 


4* 


45 


4| 


4| 


41 


4ft 


41 


4ft 


41 


4. Adhes. 


H 


4| 


3| 


4 


41 


4 


4 


3i 


4 T V 


3| 


41 


5. CoMBA. 


3 


3.1 


3| 


3 


Q 4 
^TF 


3* 


3 


3| 


3 


3 


3i 


6. Destr. 


n 


2f 


2| 


21 


93 

^F 


2-1 


2| 


3| 


Ql 

' J 2 


2f 


^1 b 


Alim. 


2* 


2ft 










21 


3* 


Q3 

°F 


21 


2ft 


7. Secre. 


^TF 


31 


3 


3 


3| 


3| 


O 3 

°TF 


3ft 


31 


^TF 


31 


8. Acqui. 


H 


3| 


n 


3f 


3ft 


' J F 


Q3 


Q3 


3f 


3ft 


33 


9. Const. 


3ft 


31 

°2 


n 


3J 


3J 


Q5 
'^8 


Q3 




3* 


31 


3| 


10. Self-E. 


H 


5k 


4ft 


H 


4J 


4| 


13 

4 4 


411 
*1 6 


4f 


5ft 


H 


11. Appro. 


4ft 


5J 


j ft 


4.f 


5 


4| 


4tf 


4 9 
1 TF 


43 

^3 


4| 


5 8 


12. Cau. 


n 


4ft 


3| 


4* 


4f 


4| 


4^ 


4ft 


4| 


1 3 


41 


13. Benev. 


H 


5ft 


H 


4ft 


4* 


4* 


4* 


H 


4f 


i 1 3 
^TF 


5ft 


14. Vener. 


4ft 


°TF 


4ft 


4| 


5 


5ft 


4*1 


H 


A l 5 
4 TF 


4JL_3 


5ft 


15. Firm. 


4| 


5ft 


4| 


H 


5ft 


5* 


4f 


41 


5 


5 


°4 


16. Consci. 


H 


5ft 


If 


4} 


4.1 5 

^lF 


4_5_ 

4 16 


4J.J, 

M 6 


4.1.1 

*1 6 


113 

4 1F 


4f 


o- 3 - 

"l 6 


17. Hope 


« 


"IF 


4_5_ 


4ft 


4 7 - 


4ft 


^16 


4- 9 ^ 

^lF 


4.1 3 


4+1 


T 1 
'Jiff 


18. Marv. 


*1 


5 










4- 9 - 

^1F 


41 


4| 


4f 


4J 


19. Ideal. 


4* 


4f 


4ft 


4ft 


4ft 


4ft 


4ft 


4 5 

4 TF 


4| 


^lF 


4| 


20. Mirth 


4* 


4* 


4| 


4J_ 
*I 6 


4ft 


*1 


4| 


41 

^4 


4ft 


4 7 

^TF 


4f 


21. Imita. 


4f 


5 


4f 


45 


4.1 3 

*1 6 


A13 

^TF 


4ft 


4ft 


4* 


4l 1 

^1F 


5 


22. Indiv. 


4 


4fV 


' J F 


4 


3fg 


4ft 


44 


3ft 


4ft 


44 

d 8 


4ft 


27. Local. 


It's 


1 & 
*TF 


4 


4ft 


4ft 


4f 


41 


Q 1 3 


41 


4ft 


4ft 


28. Calcu. 


3* 


Ql 1 
°TF 


3| 


3ft 


3i 


4* 


3J 


3ft 


3| 


3| 


3* 


29. Order 


31 


4 


41 


3* 


3ft 


4ft 


44 


3| 


3| 


4 


4ft 


30. Event. 


4ft 


*> 


4 


*1 


4ft 


4| 


4ft 


3ft 


^1F 


41 


4 9 
4 TF 


32. Tune 


3ft 


3| 










3* 


3ft 


3f 


31 


4 


34. Comp. 


4-^ 


4+* 


4| 


4ft 


4| 


4| 


4| 


41 


4* 


^1F 


4-fi 


35. Caus. 


4 3 


4| 


«A 


4 3 


4ft 


4ft 


4i 


41 


4ft 


4 9 
^TF 


4+f 



17 



Admeaau.'ements 




* 

@ 


* 


* 
1 


05 

to 

6 
o 
A! 


<D 


* 

a 


d 




i! 

c.S2 


73 


of 
Skulls. 


© 

B 


cr 

£2 




2 


i 


o 
1 


o 


S3 


c o 


c o 


S 
■s 




o 


3 




-5 


-3 


3 




£ 

< 


o 




2 


1. Am AT. 


34 


2f 


n 


2f 


3i 


31 


34 


2f 


34 




3 


2. Philo. 


4 


31 


3i 


3i 


3| 


3| 


4i 


3| 


4f 


31 


3 3 


3. Conce. 


4| 


4A 


4 


3* 


4 T 7 «r 


4f 


44 


4* 


4| 


4 T V 


4 


4. Adhes. 


3« 


^2" 


|| 


3* 


3| 


3| 


4 


34 


44 


3+ 


34 


5. CoMBA. 


2i 


3 


2| 


2* 


3 


3 


2? 


21 


31 


31 


21 


6. Destr. 


2A 


3| 


3| 


24 


2* 


2+1 


21 


2i 


3f 


21 


»1 


Alim. 


21 
















2* 


3 




7. Secre. 


3 


3 


2J 


3i 


3* 


3f 


2| 


2| 


31 


34 


2 


8. Acqui. 


3i 


34 


3f 


3A 


34 


34 


3* 


31 


34 


31 


OS 


9. Const. 


3| 


3f 


n 


3| 


34 


3| 


31 


31 


34 




2i 


10. Self-E. 


4+1 


4* 


4* 


4 r 7 * 


5 


5 


4| 


4 T % 


41 


4+f 


4 


11. Appro. 


4* 


41 


4J 


44 


4+| 


4fr 


m 


41 




4f 


4 


12. Cau. 


H 


4* 


4 


41 


H 


4A 


41 


44 


44 


41 


3f 


13. Benev. 


4i 


H 


4| 


5| 


H 


5A 


41 


4A 


3f 


4| 


4 


14. Vener. 


4A 


5 


4| 


5 


5 


51 


41 


4 T \ 


4 


4tV 


4* 


15. Firm. 


4| 


5 T V 


44 


4| 


5tV 


5A 


4J 


44 


4t 5 f 


41 


41 


16. Consci. 




4* 


44 


4+f 


4+1 


5^ 


4* 


41 




4+1 


4ft 


17. Hope 


44 


4| 


4& 


m 


4+f 




41 


4 T V 


41 


4} 


41 


18. Marv. 


















3+f 


41 




19. Ideal. 


4J 


4A 


4J 


4* 


41 


5| 


4f 


44 


4 


4| 


31 


20. Mirth 


4i 


4| 


4i 


4+1 


4f 


4* 


41 


4 


3| 


4fV 


31 


21. Imita. 


4A 


1| 


4| 


5 


4+f 


H 


4| 


4A 


3| 


41 


4 


22. Indiv. 


3+| 


4| 


3| 


4ft 


4* 


H 


4* 


34 


3+f 


4| 


31 


27. Local. 


31 


4| 


4 


4tV 


4i 


4iV 


4| 


3 


Q 9 


41 


3i 


28. Calcu. 


31 


3| 


3# 


3i 


34 


31 


43 


3 


4 


3} 


3 


20. Order 


3| 


4 


3 3| 


3|- 


4 


3| 


41 


3+1 


31 


30. Event. 


3| 


41 




44 


4f 


3+1 




44 


31 


32. Tune 


3| 








31 


3f 




34. Comp. 


41 




4iV 


31 


41 


3| 


35. Caus. 


4i 














4 T V 




4A 


3+1 



18 



Admeasurements 
of 




"En 


opq 


«J 




2 IS 


9 


l.s 


■-a 


■5 




S3 


9 


Heads 


-""•a 


3^ 


S- *> 


t« 


CO 


O . 


•5 


1* 


CO 


ZZ<J2 


I 


of Indian Chiefs 

of 
N. W. Territory. 


s 1 

6 & 


S 


so 


C3 tS 

OC£ 


§2 


13 £ 




c 2 

0* 


is 


O 




£ o 


■^^ 





»3h3 


£ 


£ 


tS 


Wo 

3 


3f 


31" 


2J 


1. Amat. 


3* 


2i 


2* 


3f 


3i 


34 


2J 


2. Philo. 


3« 


3| 


3* 


44 


3f 


3i 


31 


32 


44 


41 


3f 


3. Conce. 


41 


H 


4i 


54 


4* 


4* 


41 


5 


4f 


5 


4f 


4. Adhes. 


4 


3f 


31 


4| 


31 


4 


44 


41 


41 


4§ 


34 


5. COMBA. 


3| 


31 


3 


3§ 


Q3 


3f 


3| 


3| 


3| 


3* 


3 


6. Destr. 


31 


3i 


2f 


3| 


'3 5 


3| 


H 


31 


3|- 


3| 


3 


Alim. 
























7. Secre. 


44 


3? 


3| 


3| 


4 


44 


4 


44 


41 


41 


3| 


8. Ac qui. 


H 


34- 


^T6 


4 


4* 


43 

*8 


31 


4| 


4 


4f 


3| 


9. Const. 


4 


31 


3£ 


3| 


44 


4 


33 


31 


3| 


4f 


3| 


10. Self-E. 


51' 


5i 


5i 


5i 


54 


5| 


5± 


5| 


5|- 


51 


H 


11. Appro. 


5f 


5i 


5 


5f 


5 


5f 


5 


54 


J 8 


54 


5 


12. Cait. 


54 


5 


4| 


5-4 


44 


5 




51 


5 


5 


4| 


13. Benev. 


5| 


54 


44 




5| 


5f 


3 


5t 3 b 


5f 


51 


5| 


14. Vener. 


5| 


5| 


5i 


«l 


54- 


5| 


3* 


54 


51 


5| 


5f 


15. Firm. 


5f 


51 


5 \ 


5| 


41 


5* 


5| 


54 


5* 


6 


54 


16. Consci. 


5| 


5f 


5yV 


51 


5| 


H 


51 


5| 


5| 


5| 


51 


17. Hope 


5| 


5* 


5 


5f 


51 


$i 


5f 


5f 


5f 


'5f 


54 


18. Marv. 
























19. Ideal. 


H 


4f 


4f 


4| 


4| 


4} 


4f 


4* 


4f 


5 


4| 


20. Mirth 


H 


4i 


34 


4f 


4| 


5 


4 i 


5 


44 


5| 


4| 


21. Imita. 


5i 


6* 


4| 


54- 


5 T % 


5f 


5t s ^ 


51 


51 


5# 


H 


22. Indiv. 


4J 


31 


3f 


4f 


42 


4f 


4| 


4f 


41 


4| 


4f 


27. Local. 


44 


4| 


3* 


4* 


4| 


5 


41 


4* 


4* 


4| 


41 


28. Calcu. 


4| 


4 


3i 


3* 


4tV 


4 


44 


44 


4 


44 


3f 


29. Order 


43 






















30. Event. 


5 


4| 


4 


4 


5 


5 


4f 


5 


4f 


4J 




32 Tune 


4 


3f 


3| 


4 


4 


44 


41 


41 


4 


4 


3| 


34, Comp. 


5i 


4J 


4* 


5 


5 T 


51 


51 


5f 


54 


51 


44 


35, Caus. 


5i 


4| 


4f 


4| 


5 T V 


54 


5 


51 


5 


54 


41 



19 



Admeasurements 






•9 


T «3 


> 5 




1 


O 
T3 








o{ 

Heads 

and Skulls. 




o > 

O g 




♦J ° 

i§ 


. 

fa 


^ 

J3 * 


£3 

si 

1 1 




-3 


O 


bit 

a 


§ 






O* 


fa 


< 


<£ 


<! 


■5 


<J 


J 


6 


1 


1. A MAT. 




3i 


34 


H 


34 


34 


3 


2| 


2 T % 


2 


2. Philo. 




4 


34 


4| 


44 


4 


44 


34 


3 t 5 b 


2| 


14 


3. Conce. 




44 


4| 


5 


4f 


44 


•5. 


3J 


3^ 


2.f 


It 3 , 


4. Adhes. 




4tV 


4 


4± 


4 J 8 


31 


4f 


3ft 


3 3 

^T6 


2| 


»* 


5. Comb a. 




3± 


3| 


3A 


2| 


24 


2| 


2| 


2f 


2 


14 


6. Destr. 




3 t 3 f 


3 


24 


2A 


24 


If 


24 


2f 


H4 


*ft 


Alim. 






3 


2i 


24 


24 












7, Secre. 




3.! 


34 


^1 


24 


2£ 


2f 


05. 

**8 


24 


lf 


jft 


8. Ac qui. 




344 


34 


3 




3 


26. 
8 


95 

^8 


24 


24 


H 


9. Const. 




3A 


4 


34 




3 T V 




2i 

^8 


3 


93 


11 


10. Self-E. 




?* 


54 


&A 


54 


54 


5 


344 


3| 


3 


if 


11. Appro. 




^tV 


5 




•5 


5iV 


44 


3f 


34 


24 


14 


12. Cau. 




4| 


4A 


4f 


4i 


44- 


4* 


34 


3ft 


2f 


1 3 


13. Benev. 




5* 


•54 


44 


43 


444 


4 


34 


3| 


3 


1 7 


14. Vener. 




54 


5 T % 


5 




444 


44 


3ft 


34 


3 


1 3 


15. Firm. 




H 


°TS 


5t% 


5 


5 t 'f 


4| 


3 9 


q 9 

^T(5 


3 


If 


16. Consci. 




«A 


5A 


54 


4| 


5 


444 


34 


3ft 


244 


1A 


17. Hope 




4JL5 


5i 


5 


4£ 


4tV 


4f 


3^ 


3| 


244 




18 Marv. 






5 T V 


414 


4* 


4^ 


4 










19 Ideal. 




4| 


44 


44 


4 


4ft 


3| 


3i 


O 3 

^T6 


2f 


l| 


20 Mirth 




4f 


4f 


4 9 


3| 


4ft 


3^ 


3 


3f 


24 


1 1 5 

1 TF 


21 Imita. 




5 


5J- 


45 


4 


44 


4ft 


34 


3ft 


244 


1 3 


22. Indiv. 




4tV 


4 s 


4 


9 

°T¥ 


344 


2 7 


21 


Q 9 
J T6 


2| 


93 


27. Local. 




*A 


4 9 


4 


Q 9 
^T6 


Ql l 
' J TF 


3 


07 


3ft 


24 


2| 


28. Calcu. 




Q 9 


4 


3^ 


34 


03 


2* 


95 

^"8 


3ft 


2i 




29. Order 




Ql 3 
°TF 


4_5_ 


313 


3f 


3ft 


22 


2f 


34 


2f 




30. Event. 




4| 


44 


4-i- 

^1 6 


3g 


3| 


3 


244 


3| 


244 




32. Tune 




3H 


44 


34 


3 T V 


3ft 


2f 










34. Comp. 




4* 3 
~T6 


54 


4i 


3f 


34 


34 


3iV 


3ft 


3 


2 T V 


35. Caus. 




41 1 


5 T V 


4* 


3| 


344 


34 


3 


34 


244 


2A 



20 



Admeasurements 
of 


c 

a 

ii 


c8-C 
c a 
C a, 

d at 




s 

S o 

•*X 


.2 » • 

J5*s& ■ 


£ a 

""2 S 




5j 

sj 


it 

sis 




c 


Heads. 




"5= 

cctrr 
CO 

1 


3r 


JJ 

31 


ill 

(TO "* 
i-H 


31 


<T3 

2| 


3ft 


T3 

31 


as 

» = 

3 


is 

31 


1. Amat. 


3J 


2. Philo. 


n 




4f 


4f 


| 


41 


44 


41 


41 


4 


44 


3. Conce. 


n 




4| 


5. L 


1 


51 


5 A 


51 


41 


41 


51 


4. Adhes. 


H 


i 


H 


41 




44 


4 


31 


4-A- 


31 


41 


5. Comb. 


34 


1 


n 


31 




31 


3 


31 


3| 


3| 


31 


6. Destr. 


n 


1 


3ft 


3ft 




3| 


3 


3 


3A 


3ft 


31 


Alim. 


n 


i 


31 


31 






3 


3 


3fr 




31 


7. Secre. 


3| 


i 


4. 


31 




41 


31 


31 


4 


3* 


4 


8. Acqui. 


35- 




3f 


3| 




4^ 


34 


34 


4 


4 


41 


9. Const. 


3| 




3| 


3| 




4,3- 


3| 


4ft 


4 


31 


41 


10. Self-E. 


°8 




5* 


51 


1 


H 


51 


54 


b 3 -- 


5 


51 


11. Appro. 


5 




H 


54 


3 


51 


5| 


51 


5,^V 


5;H 


51 


12. Cautio. 


5 




44 


4J 


i 

5 


41 


4U 


41 


4H 


41 


4| 


13. Benev. 


5 




H 


54 


1 


5 s - 


54 


5-L3. 
^ 1 6 


51 


51 


54 


14. Vener. 


5A 




51 


5f 


* 


53. 

J 8 


" l 6 


J 8 


51 


51 


J 8 


15. Firm. 


5* 




54 


51 


1 


J l 6 


5J 


6 


54 


54 


6 


16. Consci. 


5-JL. 

° l 6 




5 A 


51 


8 


5ft 


53 


5 Li 
^ I 6 


51 


51 


5J 


17. Hope. 


41 




5 


54 


1 


51 




5f 


»ft 


51 


5f 


18. Marv. 


41 




41 


51 


1 




5f 


5f 


51 


51 


3| 


19. Ideal. 


41 




44 


5 


1 


5J- 

J 8 


H 


5 


44 


41 


** 


20. Mirth. 


4J 




44 


5 


1 


5-3-- 

J 1 6 


n 


53 


41 


41 


5 


21. Imita. 


41 




4| 


51 


1 


5.1 


5 -5~ 

^ 1 e 


J 8 


51 


51 


3 - 


22. Indiv. 


41 




41 


41 


i 


45 


4 --9 - 

*1 6 


4>H 


4^ 


41 


/LS. 

^8 


27. Local. 


H 




4f 


44 


i 


5 1 - 

J 8 


*1 6 


** 


44 


41 


4^ 

*8 


28. Calcu. 


m 


i 


4, 


Q3 
" 5 ? 




41 


*1 6 


3s L 


3| 


3| 


4 


29. Order. 


41 


4 


41 


4 






4 -5-- 
*1 6 


4f- 


4 


4 


4J 


30. Event. 


4-a- 




4f 


41 




51 


±H 




44 


4,3. 


H 


32. Tune. 


4ft 






44 




43. 

*8 






4ft 






34. Comp. 


4tf 




4| 


51 


1 


51 


H 


5-£- 

J l 6 


41 


5 


5-\ 


35. Caus. 


1} 




4| 


5ftl 


i. 

8 


5i 


H 


5-fi- 

J l 6 


4H5 


H 


The BlLIO. 0n comparing 


the measurements of Heads in 


mi __ this Table, it will 


be found, the Head of Alexan- 


The Nerv. der McLeod bears 


a more striking resemblance to 
the murderer, than even to that 


The SANG, that of Robinson 
of Lieut Richard 


5 the murderer ; the latter hav- 


The Lymp. ing more intellect 


than Robinson or McLeod. 



21 



Explanation of the Mode of Reading the Character. 

Each of the thirty-five organs are described in the degrees of 
very large, large, full, moderate, and small, or very small. 
The written figures placed in ihe margin indicate the respec- 
tive sizes of each organ in the individual examined — 6, or 5i 
being the maximum, and 2, or 1 the minimum. For in- 
stance, if an organ is marked vert large, it will be indicated 
by the figures 6 or 5J being placed in the margin opposite 
very large, 6 expressing a more active degree than 5£, and 
when marked so high, it is somewhat liable to abuse, or ex- 
cessive action, unless the antagonist organs are also very large. 
When the organ or faculty is marked 5, or 4i, it is then large, 
and presents a strong feature of character, but not to abuse or 
inordinate activity, unless the intellect or sentiments are very 
deficient. When numbered 4, or 3£ the faculty is then full, 
but does not present great activity, and may be considered 
above mediocrity. If marked 3, or2£, only, it is then but 
moderate, or rather inactive, and implies a deficiency of the 
organ, and not easily roused to action. If marked as low as 
2, or 1 , it is then minimum, small, or very small, and 
infers an extremely inferior or deficient development in organs 
so designated. 

To assist the student, the dot is placed opposite the particu- 
lar line applicable to the character of the person examined, 
which line he is to read as his own character. The same scale 
of figures is also applied to the temperaments, and the average 
size of head and degree of activity. 

The organ of Tune, and some few others, the author does 
not usually mark, as the temporal muscle and ridge present 
an impossibility of ascertaining exactly the size of these 
organs. 

In estimating the phrenological character, it may be found 
that many of the organs are marked very large, from which 
we have to fear an excessive action. In such case it is desi- 
rable that a check should be placed on the activity of such 
organ or organs, (which, indeed, is the great use of a phreno- 
logical examination,) by the continual exercise of those of a 
dissimilar character. On the contrary, those which are mark- 
ed small, or moderate, require stimulating as far as practica- 
ble. Those organs which require repressing in their action 
will be marked with a dash belov the figure, and those 



22 

which need stimulating will have a dot • above the figure. 
The delineation of character by this mode may also sometimes 
appear contradictory : thus, when the organs of Benevolence 
and Acquisitiveness are both marked very large, the descrip- 
tion would then seem to imply that such a person would be 
both miserly and generous. Such betray often a penny- wise 
and pound-foolish disposition. The same may also be said of 
Destructiveness, or passion and severity coupled with great 
good nature. Such an one will be as free to Forgive as to re- 
sent an injury. These fe^mgs are by no means incompatible 
in the same person. 



The author has designated by marks several portions of the 
biain, the functions of which are not fully ascertained. From 
recent observations he is inclined to the opinion there is a semi- 
intellectual function or organ, Suavity, ( # ) between 13 and 34. 
The mark (?) under 17, the organ of Sublimity. Under 3, the 
mark (%) is by some marked Inhabitiveness, which he does not 
mark. The star ( # ) behind the ear, is Vitativeness, (doubt- 
ful.) The ( # ) before it, is Alimentiveness, confirmed by all 
phrenologists. The star ( # ) beneath the eyes, one phrenolo 
gist only conceives to be the organ of Chemicality. (Impro- 
bable.) 

The organ of Tune the author declines marking, unless it h 
extraordinary small or large, in consequence of the impossi- 
oility of ascertaining its exact size, from the thickness of the 
temporal muscle which covers it. The temporal ridge, or 
nickening of t le skull in adult age, also presents a difficulty 



23 



PHRENOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF 
CHARACTER, BY 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORGANS. 

ORDER 1— Feelings. GENUS 1— Propensities. 

1.— AMATIVENESS. 

Very Large — An extreme fondness ; blind, passionate admiration. 
Large — Very susceptible to the passion of love ; strong affection. 
Full — Very apt to become enamored, but inclined to be constant. 
Moderate — Rather fastidious in selecting a lover ; cold and reserved. 
Small — Old maidenish ; extremely particular j want of feeling. 

Amativeness ver) large, combined with very large intellect 
as in profile No. 1, contrasted with Idiot, No. 2, having very 
small Amativeness and less Intellect. 

Physiognomical language — the whole head and person, par- 
ticularly the eyes, are intensely riveted and directed towards 
the object desired. 

Uses — tenderness, kindness, and sympathy for the opposite 
sex, propagation of the species. 

Abuses — immoderate, blind passion, no discrimination, for 
which reason Love is painted blind. 

Location — in the posterior base of the head, just above 
where the hair terminates. The size may be ascertained by 
the thickness of neck and head behind the ears ; usually much 
the largest in males. 

" Things base and vile, holding no quality, 
Love can transpose to form and dignity. 

Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind 

He says he loves my daughter ; 

I think so too, for ne'ver gazed the moon 

Upon the water, as he '11 stand and read 

As 't were my daughter's eyes ; and, to be "'Iain, 

I think there is not half a kiss to choose 

Who loves another best. " 



24 




&©. I. A large, fairly balanced Head. Large in the Intellect^ 
and very large Amativcness 




No. 2. Idiot, with small brain, but very large faoa. 



25 




No. 3. Philoprogenitiveness, or maternal love, oniy fall. 




No 4. Skull of a Negress excessively fond of children. Exceeding 
large in Philopro^nitiveness, or No. 2. 



26 

2 — PHILOPROGENITiVENESS. 

Very Large — Excessive fondness for children; too indulges t. 
Large — Strong degree of parental affection and tenderness. 
Full -A due regard for children, bnt not a blind partiality. 
Moderate — Indifference to children and pets j no anxiety for them 
Small — Decided aversion to children ; want of parental feeling. 

Philoprogemtiveness full in lady with the babe, (No. 3,) and 
very large in skull of the negress, (No. 4,) who was only re- 
markable for spoiling children, in other respects nearly idiotic. 

Physiognomical language — to incline the head towards the 
babe, and with a sweet smile caress it. 

Uses — affectionate solicitude, providing for young. 

Abuses — too indulgent, spoiling children, &c. 

Location in the centre of back-head, a little above Amative- 
Bess; easily seen in females, in whom it is generally much 
larger tnan in males. Usually large in ladies who complain 
cf difficulty in attaching their comb. 

mother's loss of her child. 

"For, since the birth of Cain the first male child, 
To him that did hut yesterday suspire, 
There was not such a gracious creature born. 

— Grief fills the room up of my absent child, 
Lies in his bed, walks up and'down with me, 
Puts on his pretty looks, repeats his words, 
Remembers me of all his gracious parts, 
Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form: 
Then have I reason to be fond of grief." 

3.— CONCENTRATE 1.NESS. 

Very Large — Great power of riveting the attention, tedious, verbose. 
Large — A talent for pursuing abstract or metaphysical questions. 
Full — Ability to dwell on a subject and control the imagination. 
Moderate— Versatility of thought, and action ; fond of variety. 
Small — Inability to confine the attention, which is ever roving. 

Concentrativeness and Inhabitiveness large, with very large 
Intellect and Ideality, in Milton, (No. 5,) who has produced one 
of the finest poems extant. He also severely lashed the vices 
of the age in whieh he lived, proving no less a patriot than 
a poet. Skull of savage, (No. 6,) small in each organ. 

Physiognomical expression — the attention intently fixed, 
and the head bent forward. 

Uses — gives power and continuity of emotions and ideas. 



27 

Abuses- -tedious prolixity, and morbid dwelling on impres- 
sions, to the exclusion of external objects. 

Location — above Inhabitiveness and below Self-Esteem, 
each side, on the longitudinal suture. Large in men of literary 
acquirements. 

t INHABITIVENESS. 

"Here woman reigns, the mother, daughter, wife, 
Strews with fresh flowers the narrow vale of life ; 
In the clear heaven of her delighted eye, 
An angel-guard of loves and graces lie ; 
Around her knees domestic duties meet. 
And fireside pleasures gambol at her feet. 
Where shall that land, that spot of earth be found? 
Art thou a man ? — a patriot ? — look around ; 
Oh ! thou shall find, where'er thy footsteps roam, 
This land thy country, and this spot thy home." 

4.— ADHESIVENESS. 
Very Large — Passionate and devoted in attachments to friends. 
Large — Unalterable affection; enduring all things for love. 
Pull — Constancy ; pure affection ; platonic and sincere attachments 
Moderate — Changeable in love or affection ; very fond of variety . 
Small — Destitute of pure affection ; always desirous of change. 

Adhesiveness, remarkably large in one of nature's fairest 
flowers, (No. 7,) — a pattern of constancy, affection, and sincere 
friendship. 

Physiognomical expression — gently to incline tne neaa to 
wards the object of attachment, as in profile. 

Uses — attachments, friendships, and love of family. 

Abuses — too much kindness and affection even to worth- 
less persons ; constancy ; true love. 

Location — upward and outward from Philoprogenitiveness , 
generally very large in females. 

" Or bid me go into a new-made grave, 

And hide me with a dead man in his shroud ; 

Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble ; 

And I will do it without fear or doubt, 

To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love. 

O ! happy love ! where love like this is found ; 

! heartfelt rapture ! bliss beyond compare ! 

1 've paced much this weary, mortal round, 
And sage experience bids me this declare — 

" If heaven a draught„of heavenly pleasure spare," 

One cordial in this melancholy vale, 

'Tis when a youthful, loving, modest pair, 

In other's arms breathe out the tender tale, 

Beneatk. t.ie milk-white thorn that scents the ev'ning gale.*' 



28 




No. C. Portrait of Milton the poet. 




No. 5 SkuL of a savage Hottentot. Very small in the Intellect 
aad Sentiments, 



29 




No. 7. One of natures fairest flowers. 



3* 



so 

5.— COMBATIVENESS. 

Very Large — Ferocious courage, rage, anger, and violence. 
Large — Great personal courage under opposition and danger. 
Full — Resolution, decision, energy, and determination of charac er 
Moderate — Indifferent courage j averse to extreme measures. 
Small — Weak and irresolute; too much disposed to yield to others. 

Combativeness very large in the Karanqua Texian Indian 
Chief, (No. 9,) with also very deficient intellect and senti- 
ment, contrasted with a sketch of an author, (No. 10,) who 
above all things desires to cement the bonds of love, har- 
mony, and friendship between the English and American 
people, who have but one common enemy, the British aris- 
tocracy, (the people are one.) National wars are wholesale 
murders, according to Phrenology and common sense. 

Physiognomical expression — to carry the head menacingly; 
discordant, harsh voice, and features distorted when excited by 
rage. 

Uses — Courage to resist and overcome difficulties. 

Abuses — love of cruel and barbarous sports, &c. 

Location — about one inch behind the top of the ear, giving 
great width around and behind the ears. 

"But when the blast of war blows in our ears, 
Then imitate the action of the tiger ; 
Stiffen the sinews — summon up the blood — 
Disguise fair nature with hard-favored rage; 
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect — 
Let it pry through the portage of the head 
Like the brass cannon — let the brow o'erwhelm it, 
As fearfully as doth a galled rock 
O'erhang and jutty his confounded base, 
Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean." 



6 -DE STRUCTIVENE SS. 
Very Large — Cruel, ferocious, vindictive, revengetul, murderous. 
Large — Passionate and hasty in expressions of anger ; quarrelsome. 
Full — Energetic, resolute, and decided ; easily excited to action. 
Moderate — Ability to control the passions ; indolent and inactive. 
Small — Extremely averse to action ; lacks energy of character. 

Destructiveness very large in the head of murderer, (pp.9 
10,) and deaf Burke ; very small in the Hindoo skulls, ( p.] 0.) 
See also admeasurements.] 



31 

Physiognomical expression — when roused, furious gesticu 
iation, brows contracted, the teeth set, the countenance dis- 
torted with passion. 

Uses — desire to destroy for food, to kill noxious reptiles, &c. 

Abuses — leads to passion, rage, severity and murder. 

Location — around and above the top of the ears. 

"Would curses kill, as doth the mandrake's groan, 
I would invent as bitter- searching terms, 
As curst, as harsh, and horrible to hear, 
Deliver'd strongly through my fixed teeth, 
With full as many signs of deadly hate, 
As lean-faced envy in her loathsome cave ; 
My tongue should stumble in my earnest words ; 
Mine eyes should sparkle like the beaten flint ; 
My hair be fixed on end, as one distract." 

*ALIMENTIVENESS. 
\Tery Large — An excessive fondness for high, luxurious living. 
Large — Fond of banqueting ; a hearty, keen, and healthy appetite. 
Full — Good relish for food, but will not indulge in excesses. 
Moderate — Abstemious ; no desire for high-seasoned or dainty food. 
Small — Disrelish for food, and prefers vegetable to animal diet. 

Uses — appetite for food. Abuses— gluttony, intemperance 



7.— SECRETIVENESS. 
Very Large — Dissimulation ; cunning ; treacherous, lying, deceitful. 
Large — Artful, designing, and intriguing ; an adept at management. 
Full — Prudent, cautious, and calculating ; without much deception. 
Moderate — Candid, open, communicative, agreeable, and sociable. 
Small — Extremely liable to be imposed on j want of circumspection. 

Secretiveness large in the murderer, and small in Hindoos. 
[See preceding cuts ; also admeasurements.] 

Physiognomical expression — cunning, stealthy, and gliding 
movements, like a cat ; rolling the eyes without turning the 
head ; downward look ; slyness 

Uses — to conceal emotions which involuntarily arise in the 
mind, until sanctioned by the judgment for utterance. 

Abuses — slyness, cunning, duplicity, and lying. 

Location — above, around, and adjoining the organ of De 
structiveness 



32 




No. 3. Skull of a Cannibal Indian Chief of Texas. Small m 3 and 3» 




No. 10. Anti-Combativeness or the advocate of universal peace. 



33 




No. 13. Portrait of Peter trie Great; a very singular King, having 
been a great benefactor to his subjects. 




No. 14. Lord Byron; remarkable for his hatred of tyranny, as well a 
love for the beautiful, and poetical talents of the very hignest order. 



34 

"Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile, 
And cry content to that which grieves my heart, 
And wst my cheeks with artificial tears, 
And frame my face to all occasions ; 
I '11 drown more sailors thad the mermaid shall ; 
I '11 slay more gazers than the basilisk ; 
I '11 play the orator as well as Nestor ; 
Deceive more slyly than Ulysses could, 
And like a Sinon, take another Troy." 

8.— ACQUISITIVENESS. 
Very Lar^t — Extremely miserly, sordid, penurious, and thievish. 
Large — Indefatigable in getting money, parsimonious, and saving. 
Full — Industrious, frugal, and economical, occasionally liberal. 
Moderate — Generous and free ; little solicitude about acquiring. 
Small — Indifferent about money, and very apt to spend it too freely 

Acquisitiveness very large in misers, and generally in mur 
derers. 

Physiognomical expression — disagreeable contraction of the 
features ; hands groping in the pockets ; prying, peering in- 
quisitiveness about dollars and cents ; clutches things eagerly 
dreams about money. 

Uses — to procure necessaries, articles of utility, &c. 

Abuses — Miserly, avaricious, and grasping; theft, or swm- 
Qiing. 

Location — forward of Secretiveness, and above Alimentive- 
ness, giving width behind the temples. 

The grovelling wretch who barters souls for gold, 
Ne'er knew the blissful charities of generous love, 
His soul unlovely, and his body lean with anxious care, 
The widow's groan and orphan's tear he will not hear. 
Tottering with age, he still doth grasp for more, 
And like the yawning grave he ever hides his store ; 
With fear and jealousy oppressed, he numbers o'er and o'er 
This shining dross, that drags his soul to endless woe. 

9.— CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 

Very Large — Great mechanical talents for building and inventing. 
Large — Excellent judgment in planning and skill in contriving. 
Full — Fair share of mechanical skill and ingenuity ; good ability. 
Moderate — Indifferent talents, and distaste for mechanical pursuits. 
Small — Very bungling and awkward ; great aversion to using tools. 

Constructiveness very large in boy. [See form.] Also very 
large m Peter the Great, {No. 13,) who learnt and practised 
blacks mithing, too thd rawing, and neany fifty other trades, to 



35 

civilize his Russian subjects — greater than an Alexander, 01 
a Caesar. Very small in skull of savage. 

Physiognomical language — passionately fond of handling 
and viewing things in mechanics ; taste for building, fashion- 
ing by hand, &c. Prying and curious in workmanship. 

Uses — to build houses, ships, and objects of utility. 

Abuses — to make engines to destroy or injure others ; fond 
of whittling door-posts, &c. 

Location — this organ is easily seen when very large, by a 
great width in the temples. 

THE FORMATION OF THE WORLD. 

And in his hand 
"He took the golden compasses, prepared 
Jn God's eternal store, to circumscribe 
This universe and all created things. 
One foot he center'd, and the other turned 
Round the vast profundity obscure, 
And said, " Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds, 
This be thy just circumference, O world." 
Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth, 
Matter unformed and void ; darkness profound." 

GENUS 2— Inferior Sentiments. 

10.— SELF-ESTEEM. 
Very Large — Presumptuous, proud, arrogant, and overbearing. 
Large — Ambitious of distinction ; independent, and high-minded. 
Fiill — Proper degree of pride, and correct notions of propriety. 
Moderate — Wanting in dignity and self-confidence j easily abashed 
Small — Greatly underrates himself, and is too diffident. 

Self-Esteem very large in Lord Byron, (No. 14,^ combined 
with the highest Intellect and Ideality ; also, in the female 
head on the following page, (15,) produced in a great measure 
by the flattery of the beaux. Oh, ladies, beware, and not 
wish to be a belle ! 

Physiognomical language — in man, a haughty and erect 
carriage, pride and disdain. Ladies are apt to toss the head, 
look disdainful, and so to spoil their pretty faces. 

Uses — self-respect, independence, and dignity. 

Abuses — pride, self-conceit, arrogant domineering. 

Location — at the back of the upper part of the head or 
crown, where the nair turns. 



36 




No. 15. Self Esteem Illustrated. 



37 




No. 16. Smiling Approbativeness Illustrated. 




No. 16i. Letitia Buonaparte, mother of Napoleon. Head and face, like 
Napoleon's, (page 74,) display masculine energy and determination 
<jf character in a remarkahJe degree. 

4 



38 

Disdain and scorn ride sparkling in her eyes, 
Misprising what they look on, and her wit 
Values itself so highly, that to her 
Alkmatter else seems weak ; she cannot love, 
Nor ta»ce no shape nor project of affection," 
She is so se4f-endeared. 

LI— APPROBATIVENESS. 

Very Large — Too sensitive of the opinions of others : vain j showy. 
Large — Ambitious of applause, and fond of being admired. 
Full — A due regard for popularity, but not too subservient. 
Moderate — Indifference to the observations of others ; independent. 
Small — Want of politeness and affability - f careless and rude. 

Approbation very large in the beautiful Miss (No. 16,) 

on preceding page, combined with every amiable sentiment, 
rendering her an universal favorite. 

Physiognomical expression — extremely affable, pleasing, and 
sociable ; the mouth is wreathed with an affectionate smile, 
and the eyes beaming with good nature; desire to oblige. 

Uses — to please and conciliate; true, kind, and unsophisti- 
cated politeness ; affability. 

Abuses — vanity, ambition, rivalry, and most remarkably 
fond of flattery. 

Location — on the top of head, on each side of Self-Esteem. 
Largest in females. 

"I have marked 
A thousand blushing apparitions start 
Into her face ; a thousand innocent shames 
In angel whiteness bear away those blushes." 

12.— CAUTIOUSNESS. 
Very Large — Cowardice, fear, and timidity ; cannot be made to fight. 
Large — Indecision ; want of resolution, courage, and determination. 
Full — Prudent and cautious ; enabted to act with great decision. 
Moderate — Absence of fear, but rather improvident and careless 
Small — Want of prudence ; extremely rash, liable to accidents. 

Caution very large in Hindoo, [see cut and admeasurements,] 
small in Pugilist, deaf Burke, and Murderer, (pp. 9,10.) 

Physiognomical expression — restless, anxious eyes arid care- 
worn features ; quiet, subdued manner, too diffident and timid. 

Uses — to provide against danger, accidents and difficulties ; 
to anticipate the future. 

Abuses — Inordinate fear, timidity,cowardice and irresolution. 



39 

Location — in the middle of the parietal bone, about three 
inches above the ears, and somewhat behind them. 

"Well, 'tis no matter; honor pricks me on. Yea, but how if honor prick 
me off when I come on ? how then, can honor set to a leg ? No. Or an 
arm ? No. Or take away the grief of a wound ? No. Honor hath no 
skill in surgery then? No. What is honor? A word. What is in that 
word? Honor. What is that honor? A trim reckoning. Who hath 
it ? he that died o'Wednesday, doth he feel it ? No. Doth he hear it ? 
No. Is it insensible then ? Yea to the dead. But will it not live with 
the living'/ No. Why? Detraction will not suffer it, therefore 1 'li 
none of it : honor is a mere escutcneon. and so ends my catechism." 

GENUS 3 — Superior Sentiments. 

13.— BENEVOLENCE. 
Very Large — Munificent and generous to a fault ; sympathetic. 
Large — Free, kind, and liberal ; tender, charitable, and humane. 
Full — Active desire of doing good ; great degree of sympathy. 
Moderate — Indifferent to the welfare of others ; selfish and unkind 
Small — Sordid, avaricious, mean, and totally insensible to charity. 

Benevolence very large in the amiable lady illustrated on 
next page a sketch of whose head is given, (17). Very small, 
deficient intellect, &c, in the skull of a Spanish pirate, (18, j 
who committed suicide in prison at Cincinnati — a most des- 
perate outlaw. 

Physiognomical expression — this sentiment when very large 
imparts a mild, soft, and pleasing expression to the whole face, 
particularly the eyes and mouth. 

Uses — desire to promote the happiness and well-being of 
others ; universal charity and love. 

Abuses — Prodigality ; extravagantly fond of assisting others; 
loving, kind and indulgent to an excess. 

Location — on the top of the head, immediately above the 
forehead. 

K The quality of mercy is not strain'd, 
It dr^'peth, as the gentle rain from heaven 
Upon the place beneath : It is twice bless'd ; 
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes. 
5 T is mightiest in the mightiest ; it becomes 
The throned monarch better than his crown. 
His sceptre shows the force of temporal power 
The attribute to awe and majesty, 
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings ; 
But mercy is above this scepter i sway, 



40 



No. 17. Miss 




wnd^ffi ££&£*' alad y°f<~ 18 




No. 18. Sku.. of . t Spani sh Pirate who committed suicide. Very 
deficient m organs 13, 16. 35. ' 



41 




No. 19. Veneration Illustrated. 



i2 

It is enthroned in the hearts of kings ; 

It is an attribute to God himself; 

And earthly power doth then show likest God's 

When mercy seasons justice." 

14.— VENERATION. 
Very Large — Profound feeling of awe ; reverence for the Deity 
Large — t)ue consideration ; respectful and kind to superiors. 
Full — Little solicitude about religions matters ; want of adoration. 
Moderate — Inactive feelings of devotion ; want of humility. 
Small — Rude and overbearing ; want of proper respect to supenors. 

Veneration very large in portrait 19, of a very young miss, 
of New York, sister to the preceding lady, remarkable for her 
beauty, gentleness and goodness — contrasted with inferior 
skull, No. 20, very deficient in all the above. 

Physiognomical expression — imparts a beautiful soft light 
to the eyes, as they are directed heavenward, the lips half 
severed, breathing the language of holiest love and calm devo- 
tion. 

Uses — produces the sentiment of adoration and humility, 
and brings us in communion with God. 

Abuses — immoderate fondness for ancient errors and super- 
stitions, time-honored abuses, &c. 

Location — behind Benevolence and before Firmness, on the 
longitudinal suture. 

Sweet innocent ! Her eyes upturned to heaven, 
Do seem to seek their native home, the skies I 
How soft, how lustrous, and how beautiful ! 
Say, does she see a heavenly seraph there, 
Like her, all beauty, smiles, and loveliness 'i 
Her roseate lips apart like opening flowers, 
Inhale perfumes from heaven alone derived : 
Blest creature ! she is indeed an angel-child. 
Her open forehead and her sunlit eyes 
With radiant lustre shone, reflecting happiness 
And innocence wkhin. She was a fair, a gentle child, 
So full of mirth and pleasantry, yet seldom wild ; 
Her hair in richest auburn tresses shone, 
Dishevell'd o'er her alabaster shoulders hung, 
In-silken dalliance, with the gentle zephyrs playing, 
Formed beauteous waving lines, like autumn's ripening fields. 

Sweet fairy ! I have listened to her laughing prattle ; 
How joyous, free, how gay and happy have I seen her ! 
Like some gay, carolling bird of jocund spring 
Discoursing nature's heavenlv music wild. 



43 

Her tiny feet so small did scarcely touch the ground, 
It made her seem so little of this earth ; 
Imagination paints her now, a being of superior birth, 
Almost too beautiful for this dull earth. 

Delightful, charming Ella ! has she not forgotten me ? 
Can I forget her ? — ah ! no, never ! 
Link'd, interwoven in fond memory's chain 
With her fair, beauteous sister, I must remember, yes, forever 

15.— FIRMNESS. 

Very Large — Invincible perseverance ; stubbornness and wilfulness. 
Large — Great decision and resolution of character and purpose. 
Full — Steadiness, stability ; little disposition to change of purpose. 
Moderate — Inconstant, wavering, and changeable ; easily gives up. 
Small — Variable, shifting, and easily abandons former views. 

Firmness, large in Dr. Gall, (No. 21,) combined with the 
highest intellect, which enabled him to discover, appreciate, 
and establish Phrenology amidst a host of adversaries. 

Physiognomical expression — compression of the lips ; digni- 
fied, erect carriage ; keeps on a straight course, regardless ot 
the sneers of others. Very deficient in the skull of Peruvian, 
Cdiotic Child, (No. 22.) 

Uses — moral courage, steadiness, and determination. 

Abuses — obstinate, unyielding stubbornness. 

Location — the highest part of the head, and posterior to a 
line drawn perpendicular from ear to ear. 

"Though perils did 
Abound as thick as thought could make them, and 
Appear m forms more horrid, yet my duty, 
As doth a rock against the chiding flood, 
Should the approach of this wild river break 
And stand unshaken yours." 

16.— CONSCIENTIOUSNE SS. 
Very Large — Strictly honest and just ; sensitive to the rights of others. 
Large — The highest regard for truth, justice, probity and honor. 
Full — Good share of integrity, but not over-sensitive in trading. 
Moderate — No compunction for sin, and makes a close bargain. 
Small — Will steal and lie ; no scruples of conscience or honor. 

Conscientiousness very large in the Beautiful Bostoman, 
(see title-page,) also in Charles Dickens, or " Boz," (No. 24,) 
the highly popular and talented friend of the suffering poor. 
Very small, w th deficient Causality, in the skull of the New 
7-ealand Chief, a cannibal. (See cut 25.) 



No. 20. 




Skull of a New Hollander. Small 14, Veneration, and 26 
Intellect. 




No. 21. Portrait of the great Dr. F T. Gall. 




No. 22. Peruvian Idiotic Child. Very small 35 and XI 



45 




So. 24. Charles Dickens, or Boz, the popular author 
The Shakespeare of Modern Literature. 




No. 25. A Canni/al Malay Chief. Very small 34 and 16; very 
large posterior. " Apply "the same test of the lines to the supe- 
rior heads.'' 



46 

Physiognomical language — amiabiLty, openness of ; ounte- 
nance, candid and sincere feeling, appearance of honesiy. 

Uses — to promote justice and love of truth. 

Abuses — morbid sensibility at deriliction of duty in unim- 
portant trifles ; overwhelming feeling of self-abasement. 

Location — adjoining and below Firmness, near the top of 
the head. 

a rogue's opinion of conscience. 

"I'll not meddle with it ; it is a dangerous thing; it makes a man a 
coward ; a man cannot steal but it accuseth him ; a man cannot swear but 
it checks him; a man cannot lie but it detects him. 'Tis a blushing, 
shame-faced spirit, that mutinies in a man's own bosom ; it fills one full 
of obstacles. It made me once restore a purse of gold that by chance I 
found ; it beggars any man that keeps it. It is turned out of all towns 
and cities for a dangerous thing; and every man that means to live well, 
endeavors to trust himself and live without it." 

17.— HOPE. 

Very Large — Extremely elevated spirits ; prone to castle-building. 
Large — Vivacity and cheerfulness ; anticipates great happiness. 
Full — Apt to view the bright side of a picture ; buoyant anticipation 
Moderate — Reasonable desires, and not much ecstasy of feeling. 
Small — Melancholy ; depression j gloom ; general despondency. 

Hope very large in the lady on page 48, (No. 31.) 

Physiognomical expression — this feeling imparts a vivacious, 
cheerful, and pleasing expression to the countenance, and adds 
buoyancy and elasticity to the person. 

Uses — induces confidence in the future; support against 
disappointments and ill fortune. 

Abuses — exaggerated ideas of happiness; chimerical, ro- 
mantic, and absurd expectations. 

Location— a little lower and nearly on each side of Venera- 
tion. 

"But thou, O Hope ! with eyes so fair, 
What was thy delighted measure ? 
Still it whisper'd promis'd pleasure, 
And bade the lovely scenes at distance hail. 
Still would her touch the strain prolong, 
And from the rocks, the woods, the vale, 
She called on echo still through all her song ; 
And where her sweetest theme she chose, 
A soft responsive voice was heard at every close, 
And Hope, enchanted, smiled and waved her golden nair." 



47 

18.— MARVELLOUSNESS. 

Very Large — Belief in the supernatural, witchcraft and demonology 
Large — Credulous, fanciful, superstitious, and active imagination. 
Full — Fond of the wonderful and astonishing ; delights in romances 
Moderate — Small degree of faith, want of credulity, not superstitious 
Small — Very sceptical j distrusts even the best friends , incredulous 

Marvellousness, very large in credulous persons. 
Physiognomical expression — eyes and mouth wide open, 
ready to catch every new idea, which with such persons is 
swallowed with avidity. 

Uses — a disposition to receive truth ; fond of novelties and 
new ideas; the organ of faith. 

Abuses — superstitious dread of ghosts, supernatural agency ; 
credulous ; easily imposed on. 

Location — on each side and rather before Veneration, close 
to Hope, and behind Imitation. 

"The lunatic, the lover, and tfre poet, 
Are of imagination all compact : 
One sees more devils than vast hell can hold — 
That is the madman. The lover, all as frantic 
Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt." 

19.— IDEALITY. 

Very Large— Toetic and ideal ; gorgeous fancy ; admires sublimity. 
Large — Brilliant and excursive imagination and poetic fervor. 
Full — Fancy, taste, and elegance j keen perception of the beautiful 
Moderate — Absence of poetic taste and talent ; not any refmem3nt. 
Small — Vulgarity and coarseness j want of elegance and sentiment. 

Ideality very large, with the highest intellectual powers, in 
the immortal Shakespeare, (32,) contrasted with the skull of 
a remorseless cannibal, (33,) or Malay of St. Vincents, some 
of whom it is reported eat their victims alive. [See Appendix.] 

Physiognomical expression — The poet, of all other beings, 
is perhaps the most sensitive, and is easily recognized by a 
romantic, visionary, and imaginative appearance and deport- 
ment 

Use:> — produces taste, imagination, and poetry, the beau 
ideal, excellence, the beautiful and grand. 

Abuses — dreaming, abstracted and visionary schemes. 

Location — this organ is above Constructiveness, and below 
Imitation, giving a fullness and squ? reness to the upper sides 
of the head, in the frontal and anterior region. 



48 




No. 31. Natural Language of Hope 



49 




PROGRESSIVE SCALE OF BEING 



Ros. 34, 3C>, 36, 37 ; commencing with Frog, &c. The line through the 
eyes exhibits the proportion of braia to fi.ee. Apply the same test to 
the human head. 

5 



50 

The poet's eye, in a fir< frenzy ro mg, 

Doth glance "from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, 

And gives to airy nothing 

A local habitation and a name. 

Shakespeare's invocation to the muse. 

"O, for a muse of fire, that would ascend 
The brightest heaven of invention ! 
A kingdom for a stage, princes to act, 
And monarchs to behold the swelling scene ! 
Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, 
Assume the port of Mars, and at his heels, 
Leash'd in like hounds, should famine sword, and fire , 
Crouch for employment. " 

? SUBLIMITY— (not usually marked.) 

20— MIRTHFULNESS. 

Very Large — Brilliant at repartee ; witty ; fond of the ludicrous. 
Large — Gaiety, wit, and laughter ; jovial, pleasant, and humorous 
Full — Agreeable and facetious, without much original witticism. 
Moderate — Serious and sober ; seldom excited to merriment or wit. 
Small — Dull and tedious j no perception of the witty or lucjicrous. 

The figures annexed (34, 35, 36, 37) show the entire absence 
of this sentiment and of Ideality in the lower order of being ; 
it is also very deficient in low, inferior human heads. 

Physiognomical expression — laughing, merriment, hilarity, 
and cheerfulness of temper. 

Uses — promotes sociability. Wit and ridicule may also be 
powerful allies in the cause of virtue. 

Abuses — keen, sarcastic, cutting, envious remarks; ridicule 
of the great and good, &c. 

Location — on outer parts of the top of forehead, giving it a 
squareness, as in Laurence Sterne. 

"And jocund laughter holding both his sides. 

Now, by two-headed Janus, 
Nature hath framed strange bedfellows in her time ; 
Some that will evermore peep through their eyes, 
And laugh, like parrots, at a bag-piper ; 
And others of such vinegar aspects, 
That thev '11 not shew their teeth, in way of smile, 
Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable." 



51 

21 —IMITATION. 
Very Large — Great talent for mimicry, caricaturing, or ridic tiling. 
Large — Cleverness to imitate either tne mechanical or the tne arts 
Full — Respectable ;alcnt only for imitating things ; not a mimic. 
Moderate — Inability to copy or act out ; dislike to imitate any one. 
Small — Original and eccentric in manners ; failure to copy. 

Imitation, very large usually in mimics, drolls, &c, and 
must also be very large in the monkey tribes. [See cut 39.] 

Physiognomical expression — grimace, monkeyism, dandy- 
ism, &c. 

Uses — to enable us to assimilate with others. 

Abuses — to ridicule the great and good. 

Location — on each side of Benevolence. 

"Monkey, little merry fellow, 
Thou art nature's Punchinello : 
Full of fun as Puck could be ; 
Harlequin might learn of thee ! 

Look now at his odd grimaces ! 
Saw you e'er such comic faces? 
Now like learned judge sedate ; 
Now with nonsense in his pate. 

There the little ancient man 
Nurses as well as nurse he can ! 
Now good-bye, you merry fellow, 
Nature's pnmest Punchinello I " 

ORDER 2— GENUS 1— Intellectual Facultie 

Which perceive Existence and Physical Qualities. 
22.— INDIVTDU VLITY. 
Very Large — Great talents for observation and critical judgmr nt. 
Large — Acute perception of everything seen passing around us. 
Full — Desire to see and become acquainted; facility of acquiring. 
Moderate — Absence of the noticing, observing, and retentive powers 
Small — Want of observation ; very deficient in noticing minutiae. 

Individuality very large, combined with very large intellect 
and sentiment, gives desire for and appreciation of beauty, as 
shown in the great sculptor Canova, (cut 39.) This organ 
gives acuteness of perception and ready talents, an aptitude to 
seize and combine the useful and the beautiful in nature or 
art. This faculty, when very large, imparts a strength of 
^udgment, and general talents of a highly useful character, 
and is .arge in most distinguished men. 

Location — at the bottom of forehead, between the eyebrows. 



52 




No. 38. Canova, the great Sculptor. 




OURAN-OUTANG. 

No. 39. Com.rwaly called the Wild Man of the Woooe, 



53 




No. 39£. Precocious Boy, with very large Form and Construc- 

tiveness. The line drawn through the eyes is to show the proportion of 
brain to the face, which line ou^ht in all well balanced human heads, 
when so drawn, to show as much brain above it as face below it. Se« 
the Idiot. 



5* 



54 

23.— FORM. 
Very Large — Accurate perception of outline ; talent for drawing. 
Large — Power of delineating shapes ; distinct memory of persons. 
Full — Tolerable correctness of memory ; moderate skill in drawing 
Moderate — A weak memory, and indistinct perceptions of form. 
Small — Absence of noticing external appearances, incorrectness. 

Form very large in precocious boy of [See cut 39*. J 

This organ is invariably large in distinguisned artists, sculp- 
tors, &c, and is highly necessary to mechanics, milliners, &c. 
In children, also, this organ, when large, greatly facilitates 
education, in acquiring the rudiments, forming and learning 
.etters, &c. 

Location — between the eyes ; its size is estimated by the 
distance or amount of brain between them. 



24.— SIZE. 
Very Large — An excellent judgment of proportion, length, &c. 
Large — Correct admeasurement of magnitude, space, distance, &c. 
Full — Fair perception of size, length, and proportion of objects. 
Moderate — Fails in guessing sizes ; indifferent talents for surveying 
Small — An extreme deficiency in estimating correct proportions. 

Size, ability to judge of dimensions, space, &c, in propor- 
tion to the development of the organ. This faculty greatly 
assists the geometrician, mechanician, and engineer. 

Location — on the lower side of the internal angle of the eye- 
brow, adjoining Individuality. 



25.— WEIGHT. 

Very Large — Intuitive knowledge of gravitation, momentum, &c. 
Large — Very correct judgment of forces of bodies, preponderance. 
Full — Facility in estimating or trying the weight of anything. 
Moderate — Deficiency in balancing equilibrium, and in dancing. 
Small — Absence of the talent of the discriminating of weights. 

Weight, appreciation of momentum, resistance; also aids 
equilibrium, balancing, &c. It is necessary in engineering, 
hydraulics, mechanics, &c, to marksmen, musicians, tum- 
nlers, dancers, &c. 

Location — outwards from size, and under the eyebrow. 



55 

26.— COLOUR. 
Very Large — Great memory, judgment and fondness of colours. 
Large — Talents for analyzing and harmonizing shades of colour. 
Full — Accuracy in judging the effects and combinations c£ colours 
Moderate — Want of talent, and deficient in skill for painting. 
Small— Total absence of the faculty of distinguishing colours. 

Colour, when large, implies correctness and facility of judg- 
ment in colours, painting, &c. ; of harmonizing delicacy of 
tints in shading with colours, &c. 

It is a well-attested fact, that great numbers, with the keen- 
est sight, are unable to distinguish the great difference in even 
the primitive colours. This offers one of the most conclusive 
evidences of the existence of primitive faculties and natural 
endowments. [See the cut No. 40 of the organ in Peter Paul 
Reubens, the great painter.] 

£7.— ICCALITY. 

Very Large — An extraordinary faculty of recollecting places. 
Large — A good memory of localities, and fondness for travelling. 
Full — A ready perception of localities, and does not easily get lost. 
Moderate — Indistinct memory of positions, and soon becomes lost. 
Small— Very deficient in memon^ of places, localities distances, &cc 

Locality, if very large, great fondness for travelling, and 
remembrance of places seen. This organ is very large in cel- 
ebrated travellers — Capt. Cook, Humboldt, &c. [See cut 41 
of the organ in the former traveller.] 

Location — on each side and a little above external of Indi- 
viduality. 

28.— CALCULATION. 
Very Large — Intuitive perception of numbers ; a skilful reckoner. 
Large — Command of figures, and great facilty in computing sums 
Full — Talent for figures, but not fond of exercising the faculty. 
Moderate — Dislike to arithmetic and accounts, deficient in figures. 
Small — Very slow and inaccurate in computing, reckoning, &c. 

Calculation, power of computation, vary A arge in Buxton. 
Bidder, &c, who, of ordinary minds in other respects, have 
astonished the world by their incredible powers of calculation; 
whilst some savage tribes cf men are unable to count one 
Hundred. [See cut 42, of J. Buxton.] 

Location — outside external angle of the eye, next to order. 



56 




40. Organ of Color, very large. 




41. Locality, very large 



28 



4£. Calculation, very large. 




.35 



43. Tune, very large. 




44. 30, Even., 33^ Lang., 
very large. 




45. Langur*ge, very largt. 



£.7 




Josephine, the beauteous and beloved wife of Napoleon, and the origin 
of nis good fortune, but who was wickedly sacrificed to his inordinate 
ambition. From the day of his divorce, his good fortunes deserted 
him, and at last he died a wretched exile on a barren rock. So. ambi 
tious, soulless men, beware how you treat your wives. 



5S 




' He left his country for his country's good. 



No. 45*. Napoleon, the Emperor, who ignobly fought to aggrandii 
himself. By the t >wer he acquired he could have liberated" Europe 
bv self.sh ambitio. he perished miserably. 



59 




The bones of the head of the Behemoth, or Hippopotamus, described in the book of 
Job. The skull proper, or cavity which contained the brain of this monster, is 
not so large as that of the human skullj placed within its eaormous jaws to show 
its size by contrast. 




young Alligator from South America, with enormous Destructivenesa, no 
fence, and without a particle of the Moral Sentiments — (ill mouth.) 



60 

29.—ORDER. 

Very Large — Extremely precise ; particular, fidgety, and nice. 
Large — Very methodical, systematic, and exact ; great formality. 
Full — Habits of order, but not very particular or attentive to detail 
Moderate — Little precision or exactness, and a want of system. 
Small — Confusion and disorder ; general want of management. 

Order implies the desire to systematize, arrange, and class- 
ify objects. Classification and generalization are absolutely 
necessary to the philosopher and successful man of business 

Location — on the external angle of tha eye. 

30.— EVENTUALITY. 
Very Large — Great powers of memory, and facility of acquiring. 
Large — Easily acquires and retains knowledge ; good memory, 
Full — Power of remembering leading events, but not the minutiae 
Moderate — Inability of retaining much ; a weakness of memory. 
Small — Extremely forgetful of incidents or facts in the detail. 

This faculty, when very large, (see cut 43,) enables us to 
treasure up whatever may occur — what we hear, see, or 
read. It may be said to be the power of recalling ideas to the 
mind, and is an essential element to success in almost every 
pursuit. Many >an repeat, ad infinitum, verbatim et literatim, 
that which they have heard or read but once; whilst others 
have been known to forget the names of their most intimate 
friends, and even of their family, many amusing anecdotes of 
which are on record. We remember a case of a very reverend 
gentleman, who forgot his own wedding-day, and lost a wife. 
It was this defect in the great Dr. Gall first drew his at- 
tention to facts in nature/which resulted in the discoverv of 
the science of Phrenology. 

31— iIME. 
Very Large — Clear and correct ideas of time, memory of dates, <zc. 
Large — Accurate remembrance of chronological events and history. 
Full — Indistinct notions of the lapse of time ; a poor recollection. 
Moderate — Incorrect as to dates j unable to keep or guess time. 
Small — Extremely deficient and forgetful of dates or periods. 

Time, perception and remembrance of chronological events, 
dates, &c. This faculty exists in very different degrees in 
various persons. Some have great facility in measuring, 



61 

guessing, beating time, &c, whilst others are perfectly incom 
petent to do either. It is large in eminent musicians. 
Location — adjoining and outside Locality. 

32.— TUNE. 
Very Large — Great intuitive fondness and ready talent for music. 
Large — Musical taste and judgment, and a great lover of harmony. 
Full — Extremely fond of music j good conception of melody. 
Moderate — Mediocrity of taste in music ; deficient in talent or skill. 
Small — No appreciation of the science j inability to learn music. 

Tune, (see cut 44, Handel, very large,) perception of melody, 
harmony, or discord. We have the most conclusive evidence 
of the existence of this organ, as it will be ftnmd that some 
who hear equally well with others, are quite unable to compre- 
hend the simplest airs, or enjoy any of the pleasures arising 
from the concord of sweet sounds; whilst some again are so 
highly endowed with this faculty, they devote their whole ex- 
istence to the pleasures of music. Some of the higher 
order of animals, as the horse, &c, have some endowment of 
this faculty, from the excitation and pleasurp evidently afforded 
them by hearing music. 

There is great difficulty in designating the exact strength oi 
development of this organ, from the temporal muscle and 
ridge covering it. We therefore usually omit marking it, 
unless very large or very small. 

Location — immediately above Number ; indicated by widtL 
of lower temples. 

THE MUSIC OF NATURE. 

How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank ! 
Here will we sit and let the sounds of music 
Creep in our ears ; soft stillness and the night 
Become the touches of sweet harmony. 
Sit, lov'd one ; look how the floor of neaven 
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold. 
There's not the smallest orb, which thou behold'st, 
But in his motion like an angel sings, 
Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubim; 
Such harmony is in immortal souls ; 
But, whilst this muddy vesture of decay 
Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it. 

6 



(12 




" Whose battle-fields were holy ground." 

No 46. The illustrious Washington, who only fought for his c untry'i 
good and the liberties of all mankind. He is immorta - 



63 




K#. 16*. The Skul- of a Carib. Very deficient in 35, Causality, and 
lasge jjb ae posterior or animal portion of the brain. 




ANIMAL1TY. 

Nos. 47, 48, 49, 50 ; exhibiting the head of Frog or Reptile, and graaua. 
approach to the form of the head of Orang, as we ascend in the scale 
of organization. See page 106. 



64 

33.— LANGUAGE. 
Very Large — Eloquent and ready in speaking j great flow of words 
Large — Freedom of expression in conversing j free style of writing 
Full — Not very communicative or loquacious on ordinary topics. 
Moderate — Difficulty in conveying the correct meaning ; bad style. 
Small — Hesitating, embarrassed, deficient ana awkward m srfe^cn. 

Language, when very large, gives facility in communicating 
ideas by oral arbitrary sounds, or written signs ; imparts fa 
cility in composition, and powers of rhetoric and oratory 
fluency in conversation and debate. 

Uses — to communicate knowledge and promote sociability. 

Abuses — garrulity, gossipping, and scandalizing. 

Location — on the super-orbitary plate, and when very large 
depresses the eye outwards and downwards. [See exam x le in 
Home Tooke, figure 45.] 

"List his discourse of war, and you shall hear 
A fearful battle render'd you in music ; 
Turn him to any cause of policy, 
The Gordion knot of it he will unloose 
Familiar as his garter ; that when he speaks, 
The air, a charter'd libertine, is still, 
And the mute wonder lurketh in men's ears, 
To steal his sweet and honeyed sentences." 

GENUS 2— Reflective Faculties. 

34.— COMPARISON. 

Very Large — Extraordinary talents and strong critical judgment 
Large — Correct powers of analyzing, comparing and criticising 
Full — Fair judgment, good practical talent, and a close observer. 
Moderate — Tolerable skill, but not much clearness of perception. 
Small — Superficial reasoning j no depth of thought or intelligence 

Comparison, very large in "Washington, (see cut No. 46,) 
combined with the purest moral sentiments, gave its posses- 
sor wisdom, sagacity, and judgment of the highest order, con- 
trasted with skull of Carib, (46-*.) Washington in his life exhi- 
bited those great and good qualities so harmoniously blended, 
that by common consent he is placed at the head of great and 
estimable men. 

Uses — to discover and apply truths by analogy, force of rea- 
son ; ability to investigate, to discover good from evil, truth 
from error. &c. 



65 

The whole range of the mental and physical world are sub- 
jected to this analyzing, scrutinizing, intellectual, thinking 
principle, by which man is elevated infinitely above all other 
beings,[contrasted with outlines of animality, 47, 48, 49, 50, in 
which may be comprised nearly the whole of animal or infe- 
rior heads, from frog to orang.] This reasoning faculty leads 
man to investigate the phenonena and wonders of the uni- 
verse, and animated nature, "and so through nature up to 
nature's God." 

Uses — to reason analogically ; to compare closely ; to reason 
a priori, (from a prior cause.) 

Abuse — abstract intensity of thought, to the neglect of reli 
gious or temporal duties. 

Location — it is situated in the highest part of the middle of 
the forehead. 

Shakespeare's description of a great man. 
See what a grace was seated on this brow — 
Hyperion's curls, the front of Jove himself: 
An eye like Mars, to threaten and command ; 
A station like the herald Mercury, 
New-lighted on a heaven-Kissing hill ; 
A combination, and a form, indeed, 
• Where every god did seem to set his seal, 
To give the world assurance of a man. 

35.— CAUSALITY. 
Very Large — Great originality of thought, powers of invention. 
Large — Energetic and active habits of mind extremely inquisitive 
Full — Disposition for inquiry, but incapable of profound thought. 
Moderate — Indifference to metaphysics ; little or no inquisitiveness. 
Small — Deficient in reasoning power, and weakness of intellect. 

Causality implies the desire to ascertain, why, wherefore is 
this so ? This organ is very obvious in the head annexed of 
the great American philosopher, Franklin, (cut 51,) to whose 
profound spirit of enquiry the whole world is deeply indebted 
for some of the most valuable and important truths m natural 
philosophy. It was this great philosophical spirit which sus- 
tained him, a wandering boy, with his roll of gingerbread 
under his arm, and which subsequently enabled him to perse- 
vere till he brought the lightning witnin his grasp, and ren- 
dered it subservient to the use of man. 

This may be said to be " the divinity that stirs within us," 
or tha* God-like attribute which we call reason. Plato, Socra- 
6* 



66 




No. 51. Benjamin Franklin, the great American Philosopher, di*» 
coverer of Electricity, &c. 




No. 51. The Slril of an Idiotic Girl, also of an Orang-Outang. 



67 




Nos. 56 57 • showirg the locations of the Organs on the back and iron 
of the H.vz^ 




». 68, 59. Figure 59 shovs the general divisions of !**e Heat explain 
on page 15. 



68 

tes, and other eminent philosophers, or friends to wisdoia, 
were largely endowed with this faculty, which may be consid- 
ered as one of the most distinguishing and noblest attributes 
of man. 

Uses — to trace cause and effect; to pursue philosophical 
inquiry. 

Abuses — metaphysical subtleties without a pract.cal appli- 
cation. 

Location — outside and each side of Comparison. 

Physiognomical language — serious, thoughtful and contem- 
plative. 

INTELLECTUAL AND SENTIMENTAL BEAUTY DESCRIBED. 

Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall, 

God-like erect, with native honor clad. 

For contemplation he and valor formed, 

For softness she and sweet, attractive grace ; 

He for God only, she for God in him. 

His fair, large front and eye sublime declar'd 

Absolute rule ; and hyacinthine locks 

Round from his parted forelock manly hung 

Clustering, but not beneath his shoulders broad ; 

She, as a veil down to the slender waist, 

Her unadorned, golden tresses wore. 



ADMEASUREMENTS OF THE HEAD DY TAPE. 

Coombs's Bust. 
( Circumference of the base, close above ) onL • i , 
\ the ears \ 22i lnches - 

C Circumferer.ce of head around the or- ^ 
< gans of Cautiousness, Causality and > 22 inches. 
£ comparison, ) 

From the open- C Q { backhead, or the organ of? Q , • . 

mgofoneear^ Amativeness C 9i mches - 

to the other. ( Amatlveness > ^ 

do. do. \ 0ver P^pendicular tophead, or the > , { h 

I organ ot Firmness, ) 

do. do. | ° Be^o n ience Phead> °' ^ "^ \ l3 * inches * 

do. do. \ ° v ' r t0 P °- f forehead > or the or ^ n of I || inches. 
( Comparison, ) 

do. do \ Ov^tower^forehea^or theorganofj ||# inches> 
Individuality to occipital spine, 3$ inches. 



69 



THE TEMPERAMENTS. 



Physiologists have laid down the following rules in forming 
a. judgment of the temperament from the external appearance 
of the individual, which are described as follows : 

THE LYMPHATIC is distinguished by a roundness of 
person, fair hair and skin, delicate texture of body, and soft- 
ness of the muscles, inactivity of the brain and nervous system. 

THE SANGUINE temperament is indicated by fulness of 
person and firmness of muscle, bright chesnut hair, ruddy 
countenance, and regular features ; fond also of animated and 
active exertion. 

THE BILIOUS temperament is recognized by full, dark 
hair, angular outlines of form, firmness of texture; also by 
strength and energy of person ; the features acute and strongly 
defined. 

THE NERVOUS temperament is distinguished by rapidity 
of motion for a short period ; small muscles and thin, fine hair; 
easily becomes fatigued, and very susceptible. 

When comparing different brains, the temperament should 
always be attended to ; because two brains may be of the 
same size, but if one be of the lymphatic, and the other of the 
bilious temperament, there will be great difference in the 
powers of manifesting the faculties. In referring man's ac- 
tions to his cerebral structure, we must admit the great impor- 
tance of his organic constitution or structure, as this is one of 
the first and most important conditions* to be observed in esti- 
mating his phrenological character. We can readily conceive 
how the organic constitution of the brain is affected and modi- 
fied by the digestion, circulation, perspiration, and nutrition 
of the body, and how these different states of organization may 
produce different degrees of activity of the mental faculties 
generally. 



70 

The size of Brain, other conditions being equal, is the measure of 
power, either in the aggregate or as exhibited in detail by means of the 
written figures in this book, which, as before stated, are intended to ex- 
cess the relative size or force of each particular organ or faculty. 

VERY LARGE. — A person having a Head or Brain marked very 
large, with activity also very large, with a favorable temperament, 
good education and opportunities, will exhibit the very highest order of 
talents and vigor of intellect, will be a natural genius and possess an apti- 
tude for almost any pursuit or profession, and calculated to make a figure 
in the world. He will, by the mere force of his natural genius, be enabled 
to overcome difficulties which would be insurmountable to persons of 
smaller heads and ordinary talents ; such an one will shine like a bright 
and particular star in the firmament of intellectual greatness, upon which 
future ages may gaze with astonishment and delight. His mental capa- 
city will grasp the highest, the noblest, and the most sublime conceptions 
of happiness and virtue ; his feelings will be of the most exquisite sensi- 
bility, either for pleasure or pain. With activity large, he will be en- 
dowed with a very high order of talents and very superior powers of mind 
and vigorous intellect, enabled to make a distinguished figure amongst 
even great men, and be a leading, prominent character in whatever sphere 
he may be engaged. With activity full, on great occasions, or when 
thoroughly aroused, he would be truly great ; but upon ordinary occasions 
he would not manifest those traits of character which would distinguish 
him from the generality of mankind. 

LARGE. — One having a large-sized Brain, with activity large or 
very large, will possess great power of mind, and exercise a command- 
ing influence over those with whom he may come in contact. He will 
possess great ardor and impetuosity, and in some points be irresistible, 
particularly should his propelling powers and selfish passions be strong. 
With the practical intellect large, he would excel in business, and pos- 
sess a reaay intuitive knowledge of everything, and be highly successful 
in his profession or business. With activity full, he would be endowed 
with a great share of mental capacity, but require stimulus to exertion and 
thoroughly arouse him to those vigorous efforts of mind, of which he is 
under some circumstances capable ; when not excited, he would pass for 
an ordinary person. With deficiency of the perceptive and reflective fac- 
ulties, would not be very shrewd or apt, but rather inferior in judgment 
and capacity ; but with large propelling or animal feelings, might exhibit 
a great degree of misapplied energy, and a great wish to excel, but not the 
capacity. With activity moderate, when powerfully excited, may evince 
considerable energy of intellect and capacity for performance, yet be too 
indolent and sluggish to do much ; wanting also in clearness of ideas and 
intensity of feeling, and unless driven to exertion, will not be likely to ac- 
complish much. With activity small, or very smji .l, an extreme aver- 
sion to action, indolent and incapable of great exertion, either mentally or 
physically. 

FULL. — With activity great, or very great, and the practical intel- 
lect and oropelling powers large, or very large, althougn not possess- 
ing a hign order of talent, will be generally clever, have considerable tal- 
ent, and that so energetic, that it will pass current for more than what it 
really is worth, from its great incentive to action, yet is inadequate for 
great undertakings, and incapable of making a distinguished figure in the 



71 

world, nor be really great. W J .h activity full, wiL . e tolerably clever. 
but manifest only an ordinary share of intellect. Wuh the intellectual 
and perceptive faculties large, he would be enabled to conduct business 
of an ordinary character, and even to obtain some celebrity and pass for a 
talented man. With activity moderate, will be indisposed to action, and 
take the world easy. Small, or very small, will be extremely deficient 
in everything that constitutes a great character. 

MODERATE. — One with a Head of only moderate size, combined 
with great or very great activity and large perceptive and propelling 
powers, will appear to possess much more talent than he really does, and 
with others to pioneer for him, he may be enabled to follow their plans 
with advantage. He will be more remarkable for activity than strength 
of mind, and more showy than useful in his acquirements. With activity 
only full, will have but a very moderate amount of intelligence, and no 
desire to acquire a great reputation; very sluggish and inactive. With 
activity moderate, or small, extremely dull of apprehension and exces 
sively indolent. 

SMALL, OR VERY SMALL.— One with a small or very small 
Head, will be conscious of little else than merely an animal existence, and 
can never accomplish those high and splendid achievements which have 
immortalized the names of Homer, a Milton, or Shakespeare, or of the 
super-eminent goodness or greatness of an Alfred, or a Washington, who, 
generously resigning every consideration of self for the advancement of 
their country's happiness and welfare, have left their names an enduring 
monument to all ages. 

THE DEGREE OF ACTIVITY.— Whilst size gives power, momen- 
tum and endurance of the mental faculties, &c, activity imparts intensity, 
quickness, willingness, and even a restless desire to act ; implying energy 
and efficiency of character in the same ratio as marked in the margin. 

The Brain is divided into two halves or hemispheres, each hemispher* 
being composed of a number of folds or convolutions, each of which haa 
been discovered and unfolded by Spurzheim's new and admirable method 
of dissecting the Brain. The functions of each have also been fully estab- 
lished bv the unwearied and indefatigable personal observation of the 
immortal Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, first founders of the science, and since 
corroborated by innumerable practical observations of its numerous pro- 
fessors, both in this country and Europe. The two hemispheres of the 
Brain are brought into communication and simultaneous action by means 
pf fibres running transversely from one to the other. This important fact 
was first established by the extremely delicate method of unravelling the 
Brain, as practised by Spurzheim. The Skull, or bony outside covering t& 
the Brain, and its three distinct coverings by which it is enveloped, gene- 
rally presents a perfect parallelism to the Brain, as it is moulded on the 
Brain, and may be regarded as a kind of shell-work, as it presents no 
more obstruction to the growth and development of the Brain, than does 
the shell to the growth of such animals as are protected by them ; the 
bony structure being of a secondary formation to that of the Brain or softer 
parts of the human system. 



72 
ON PHYSIOGNOMY. 

DEDICATED TO THE LADIES. 

In order to invest this subject with more interest, each of 
the passions, sentiments and intellect are described in verse, 
in order to exercise the higher order of faculties, also to render 
their action and influence on the character more conspicuous 
and the more easily retained in the memory. The author 
hopes he has also added to the attraction of this very interest- 
ing subject, by describing the various emotions of the mind, 
as transitorily depicted on the countenance, and which, un- 
doubtedly, if long or habitually indulged in, permanently leaves 
its impress there; from which, no doubt, persons largely 
endowed with the perceptive faculties, are enabled to form a 
very correct estimate of the leading passions by a close obser- 
vance of the features. Hence we conceive the science of 
Physiognomy has originated, and which is undoubtedly the 
key to the leading passions and feelings of individuals. We 
are, however, far from supposing it can be reduced to any sys- 
tematic mode of investigating character. From its wonderful 
and beautiful mobility and ever-changing expression and vari- 
ableness, it may be compared to the fleeting summer cloud — 

Now lighted up with heavenly azure urightness, 
Anon dark, driving clouds and tempests lower, 
And sheeted lightnings rend earth's fairest flowei?, 
And ruin stalks abroad to desolate the land: 
So most wondrous beauty (the more 's the pity,) 
May be transformed, with vengeful ire, 
To "frightful rage and horrible distortion — 
Dread foes to peace, to friendship, and to love. 

There is one singular fact, important to the ladies, particularly 
those who are desirous of preserving unimpaired the beauty 
with which heaven has favored them : it may not be unintei- 
esting to learn, that public speakers and many others have 
declared that by certain expressions of the features the corres- 
ponding emotions of the mind are produced with a vivid in- 
tensity. This probably proceeds from the nerves, muscles, &c. 
which connect certain parts of the brain with corresponding 
parts of the face ; so that ladies who wish to preserve this 
precious gem, their beauty, must ever indulge in the kind and 
gentler emotions, and avoid all irritation, both of look and 
feeling, as they would the Scylla and Charybdis, or the wreck 
of beauty and loveliness. 



73 

THE HUMAN BRAIN 

21 




Lower View of Brain. 




Upper View of Brain. 
7 



74 



The preceding cuts are correct representations cf the upper and 
lower view of various parts about the base of the brain of an adult 
intellectual person. 

The brain is divided into two halves, or hemispheres, each of 
which are united by means of minute filaments or thread-like sub- 
stances, embedded in cortical and medullary matter, radiating in 
various directions, crossing each other, communicating the two 
hemispheres of the brain, the Medulla Oblongata, the Medulla Spi- 
nallis, the various organs of sense, and all parts of the body. 

The intercommunication of these remote nervous filaments with 
those in the brain is instantaneous. The nerves of volition and 
sensation act in the same manner. 

The singular and extraordinary effects of electricity and galvan- 
ism on the human body, animate or inanimate, point to this subtle 
fluid as entering largely into the animal economy, the nerves ap 
pearing to act as the conductors of electricity, which moves with a 
velocity of four hundred thousand miles per second, or about the 
same velocity as light. 

The brain- proper is called the cerebrum, and the smaller brain 
the cerebelum. The former is much more voluminous and various 
in its form, structure, and functions, and wherein are located the 
organs of the various passions, intellect and sentiments ; the smaller 
brain, or cerebelum, being solely the organ of physical love, and 
gives rise to the feeling of Amativeness. although it has recently 
been conjectured being also the seat of the organ of voluntary motion 

The brain is protected by three distinct membranes or coverings, 
in w T hich it is enveloped. The first is the pia mater, which closely 
adheres to the surface of the brain, dipping into the sulci, or cavi- 
ties, and conveying innumerable blood-vessels to it. The second is 
named the tunica arachnoida, resembling a spider's web in fineness. 
It secretes a fluid to lubricate the pia mater and the dura mater, or 
third covering, which is attached to the brain, and also adheres to 
the inner surface of the skull. 

The skull is curious" y formed of eight separate bones — one 
frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occipital, one sphenoidal, and 
one ethmoidal — each united by sutures or seams. The growth of 
these bones is each of them independent of the other, and com- 
mences growing from its own centre, and in old age firmly intersect 
each other by means of curious dove-tailed seams, which are much 
more serrated in the Caucassian skulls than the Carib, and still more 
simple in animals, &c. 

The formation of the skull may be regarded as an excrescence, 
or shelly covering, of a secondary growth, (as seen in children.) It 
is designed for protection to the brain, and not to impede its growth, 
as some appear erroneously to imagire. 



75 

Previous to the anatomical researches of the founders of thi* 
science, the brain was supposed to be merely the root from whence 
originated the whole nervous apparatus which proceed from it tc 
every part of the human structure, which led many distinguished 
anatomists and philosophers to conjecture that the brain was in 
some measure the sensorium, or seat of the intellectual powers ; 
but nothing definite was known of its structure or functions until 
the discoveries of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim. 

Our limits will not permit us here to show the singular corre- 
spondence of the mind, &c, with this its instrument, not only in the 
human family, but to the lowest order of being. The complication 
of structure, and large size or volume in man, orang, &c, is won- 
derfully contrasted with the smallness of volume and extreme sim- 
plicity of structure in the lower order of animals, reptiles, &c, being 
in the latter reduced to a mere point or particle of gelatinous matter, 
entirely destitute of convolutions, or appendages of nerves, &c, as 
we find in the higher order of beings. 

To those desirous of pursuing this study in detail, we have much 
pleasure in recommending the splendid work of Spurzheim on the 
Anatomy of the Brain. 



FOUR DIVISIONS OF THE HEAD. 

The cut No. 59, with the line perpendicular from the ear, e to a, 
represents the anterior and posterior portion of brain, and the line 
through the eye and ear represents the base or foundation of brain 
by which we can estimate the proportion of brain to the whole head 
or face inclusive. The line from the nose to forehead gives the 
facial angle. The line from C to B divides the sincipital from the 
occipital region, the portion above being peculiar only to man, in- 
cluding the intellectual and sentimental or controlling organs — the 
portion below being the propelling or selfish propensities, which are 
common to man and the lower animals. 



76 



FOUNDATION OF PHRENOLOGY. 

Phrenology is a derivation from the G:?ek, phren and logos, or 
rhe science of mind. This compound word is the adoption of Dr. 
Spurzheim, the distinguished associate of Dr. Gall. To the latter 
belongs the high honor of being the first to discover this new science 
of mind, or, in other words, the mode of ascertaining man's peculiar 
innate talents and original powers of mind by a reference to his 
cerebral organization, or form and volume of brain. Like most 
other exact sciences, it has been of slow progress, and has not been 
rashly adopted, but is the result of a most laborious, patient, and 
minute investigation of the human cerebral structure, in its endless 
and interesting varieties, both in states of perfect health and every 
stage of the various diseases to which we are subject. The human 
brain — that gordion knot, which has puzzled the sages of ancient 
and modern times, and which they could only untie by cutting — has 
now, for the first time, been completely unravelled, and its most 
wonderful beauty, complication of structure, and harmonious adap- 
tation to its functions, been laid open by the labors of these distin- 
guished physicians and philosophers. 

Further ; in order to satisfy the most incredulous, they have 
carried their indefatigable researches to those minute points in crea- 
tion, or most simplified of animals and reptiles, and even to those 
minute animalculae, the ephemeral existence of a day. The results 
of their investigations of human and comparative Phrenology have 
appeared in volumes of facts, sufficient to satisfy the most incredu- 
lous of the reality of this science, and of its high importance to the 
happiness and well-being of man. Their united labors were indeed 
conducted with singular ability, zeal, and enthusiasm, and which 
have comparatively left little to their successors but further to estab- 
lish and confirm if possible their previous discoveries. 

To the great Dr. Gall we owe the rude discovery of the science • 
and whilst as yet in its incipient stages of existence, he had both in- 
correctly named the doctrine itself and also several of its most im- 
portant functions. This resulted, in a great measure, from the fact 
of his having discovered the several organs when in an excessive 
state of development, \r as manifested in their abuses. As an in- 
stance, from the comparison of the heads of notorious, incorrigible 
thieves, although there might be many dissimilar forms of heads, 
yet in this one particular region of Acquisitiveness he found a very 
great enlargement. It was this fact which led him erroneously to 
suppose a particular faculty or organ of stealing. This was also 
precisely the case from an examination of the heads of murderers, 
by discovering the organ of Destructiveness enormously developed, 
and which he incorrectly named the organ of murder. On this ac- 
count a stigma has attached to the science, which -its opponents 



77 

have made great use of. The science itself also was incorrectly 
named by Dr. Gall, being that of Cranioscopy, or Craniology. 

We must here take this opportunity of observing, that none of the 
faculties, as discovered and located by Dr. Gall, have been ever 
materially changed. It is to the philosophic spirit of inquiry, and 
severe mode of inductive reasoning, united to the anatomical dis- 
coveries of the accomplished Spurzheim, that we owe its present 
correct classification and nomenclature. 

APPLICATION AND UTILITY OF PHRENOLOGY 

Phrenology is the only science of mind susceptible of actual 
demonstration, and is the only true philosophy of mental action 
It is a powerful support to morality and religion. It is the only ra- 
tional and true basis of education. It is the foundation of domestic 
happiness. It is a most powerful auxiliary in the cause of morality, 
religion, virtue, and of education. It not only teaches us to know 
ourselves, but it goes a step farther, and teaches us to know others 
also. Its principles and practice are invaluable in jurisprudence, 
civil and criminal. By referring man's intellectual and sentimental 
innate character to his organization, it strongly appeals to our char- 
itable sympathies to make allowances for the imperfections of 
others, and to lay no more upon individuals than they can bear. It 
also teaches us to desist from the mad attempts which have been 
made to reduce the talents and opinions of all to one standard. 

Bell and many other distinguished physiologists and metaphysi- 
cians have admitted that the mind manifests a plurality of faculties. 
The discovery that it employs the brain as its agent, was left to 
immortalize Dr. Gall. 

" Size of the brain, other conditions being equal, is a measure of 
power." This proposition is supported by analogy throughout 
nature, and by observation. The conditions to be observed are, 
1st, Temperament ; 2d, Age ; 3d, Health ; and 4th, Exercise. Phre- 
nologists contend that if these conditions are equal in two individu- 
als, the one possessed of the largest organs will manifest superior 
powers of mind. These conditions should be kept in view, also, 
when comparing different compartments of the brain ; for one indi- 
vidual may have a smaller brain than another, and yet manifest the 
greatest amount of intellectual power. This will be seen to arise 
from the small brain being endowed with a larger intellectual lobe 
than the larger brain. But here the conditions vary, and the judg- 
ment of the two heads must vary accordingly. 

The form and size of the brain, and each of its divisions, may be 
ascertained to a mathematical, actual certainty, fiom the externa, 
appearance of the head — while the health, &c, can be easily deter 
mined by other external indications. 



78 

IMPORTANT TO MOTHERS. 

Phebnology .eaches us that the brain is the organ of the mind, and 
also that the m;nd. is not an innate or distinct single power, and capable 
of acting in every direction alike, and with equal force and intensity, but 
that it is multiplex in its operations, and is composed of a number of dis- 
tinct organs or faculties, each organ being the name of a certain portion of 
brain, which organ is estimated by its size or volume (other conditions 
being equal.) Thus, the size of brain in the anterior and superior portion 
of the forehead of the individual is the measure of his intellectual capacity. 
The height of the head, or fulness in the coronal portion, indicates the 
strength of the moral and selfish sentiments ; whilst the width of head 
gives us the estimate of his animal or selfish propensities, li will be 
seen by this classification, that Man possesses a Moral, an Intellectual, 
and an Animal Nature, each acting in concert and producing ati harmoni- 
ous whole, where each of these are properly balanced, as in the most per- 
fect form of heads. Should the numbers range highest in the animal or 
selfish propensities, it must be inferred that the individual is mostly influ- 
enced by the lower or animal feelings, although more or less modified 
according to their relative proportions by the organs of intellect and senti- 
ment. In the absence of the animal portion, the individual lacks energy 
and power. The general form of the head determines the character of 
the individual, and not particular bumps or depressions, as erroneously 
imagined. 

In forming an estimate of character, it must be remembered there are 
several highly important conditions to be considered, which have great in- 
fluence in the formation of character — the temperaments, education, cir- 
cumstances, and habits of the individual. The purely lymphatic is the 
very least disposed for action, with great lack of energy in the brain and 
nervous system. With regard to their culture, or exercise of the organs, 
persons having had the advantages of a superior education, would exhibit 
a much greater degree of intelligence or sagacity than persons without 
those advantages, but whose heads should be precisely alike in every other 
particular of size, configuration, &c. Thus, again, men are much influ 
enced by circumstances, and which most materially modify the character 
and which will also unquestionably alter the configuration of brain or 
head by any course of conduct or study long and pertinaciously persisted 
in. It may be seen that children of superior or highly endowed persons 
will not only possess the exact form of head of one or both parents, but 
will also, from early habitudes, become almost counterparts of one or other 
of the parents ; and under those favorable circumstances, such children 
are from the earliest infancy under a course of judicious mental cultiva- 
tion, which, apart from all natural high endowments as to the form of 
crania, &c, must exert an influence on the future character, which would 
be almost incalculable for good. The very reverse of this is also precisely 
the case where low and dissolute persons have children under their con- 
trol, and, it may be added, mismanagement. From such unfortunate as- 
sociations the worst consequences may be apprehended, even with natural 
capacities of the highest order, and the finest form of crania. Children 
and persons with such associations would be more or less demoralized. 
The science is in this respect of such an immense value, it learns us that 
the formation of character of children, youth, &c, depends very materially 
on ourselves $ for it must be observed, that the system of education, either for 



79 

pood or e\ 11, commences almost in ,he cradle ; and the influence of the mother 
©n the formation of character is too much overlooked, and its importance 
too much lost sight of. The elegant but superficial acquirements which 
at present too much usurp the attention of young ladies, might in some 
measure he discarded, and the science of Phrenology, Physiology, &c, be 
substituted in their place, in order the more perfectly to qualify them to 
perform aright those high and important duties which, as mothers and the 
Heads of families, usually devolve on them. It might be added, however, 
that American and European ladies, particularly in the higher circles, are 
many of them distinguished for their varied and highly useful scientific 
attainments, clearly proving, in many branches, nothing inferior to the 
boasted superiority of the male sex. 

It has been aptly remarked, by Napoleon, that no great man ever had a 
weak mother; and undoubtedly his judgment was perfectly correct in as- 
signing to the maternal side the greatest influence on the formation of 
character. On her alone hang the destinies of this republic, for children are 
almost the creatures of an intelligent mother's will. The phrenologist, in 
giving his estimate of character, will not, of course, be generally aware of 
all these foregoing important conditions, which so obviously and very ma- 
terially affect the character. It must, therefore, be conceded that there 
are peculiarities of character, which legitimately do not come under the 
cognizance of this science, and for which due allowance will be made by 
the candid inquirer after truth. It is the paramount object of the science 
to point out particular excellencies and aptitudes of character, or the 
natural talents and disposition, also to point out defects, and to apply its 
proper corrective, by cultivating and exercising its antagonist faculties or 
opposing forces. Probably no condition is so necessary for the perfect 
possession of our faculties, and enjoying them in their highest degree of 
perfection, than a perfectly sound state of health, a compact and vigorous 
constitution, and energetic physical powers. Indeed, this is a considera- 
tion which has been so entirely overlooked, and the inference naturally 
drawn from it, that without a healthy physical organization, it is in vain 
to expect a vigorous, clear, and healthy exhibition of the mental powers. 
Many have yet to learn that man, however great his intellectual powers 
may be, can no more with impunity overtask the organs by which he exer- 
cises his intellectual powers, or sustain consecutive action of thinking for 
forty-eight hours without intermission, than can an individual exercise his 
physical or muscular energies for the same space of time, without great 
consequent loss of energy and exhaustion, alike injurious in both cases, 
and probably the delicate organ of the mind would be the greatest sufferer. 
Indeed, we have so many corroborations of this, m the premature deaths 
of so many bright and precocious geniuses, who have fallen early victims 
to over-exertion of the mental faculties in early infancy, we are in 
bounden duty compelled to caution all who have the charge of infants, or 
very young children, to be extremely careful not to over-task the tender 
and delicate organs of the mind. It would be extremely absurd to expect 
them to exhibit extraordinary mental acquirements, or very great physical 
energy, before their brain or physical structure has attained a perfect form 
and consistency. The first consideration ought to be the establishing a 
sound and vigorous constitution, as on this will greatly depend their future 
happiness and welfare, and which an affectionate mother only can duly 
estimate. 



80 



UNDENIABLE PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

Phrenology has been established and rests its claims to support 
solely by an appeal to facts, by actual demonstration and by induc- 
tion. This rigid mode of establishing the science invariably leads 
to the conviction, that, 

1. We have no evidence of thought or mind without brain : we 
therefore affirm it to be the organ of the mind, or the instrument 
and modus operandi by which the intelligent principle carries on its 
operations. 

2. Because, by anatomical researches we invariably discover, in 
the endless chain of beings, the brains of men and animals to be 
precisely in accordance with the various peculiarities, dispositions, 
and talents they are known to possess. In men only of superior 
formed heads do we find large cerebral masses or volume of brain 
in the forehead or frontal, also in the coronal or superior portion, 
giving an innate feeling of justice, veneration, and charity, also the 
peculiar aptitude for poetry, painting, mechanism, and metaphysics, 
combining the highest order of intellectual pursuits. 

3. Because in men we find an infinitely greater diversity of forms 
of head or brain than in any other created beings, of the same spe- 
cies, v/hatever. In man, also, we find an infinitely greater diver- 
sity of talents, sentiments, and feelings, singularly corroborative oi 
the phrenological analysis of his nature. 

4. Idiocy is incontrovertibly proved to result from a deficiency of 
the intellectual organs, or from disease of that particular portion of 
brain, the forehead. Partial insanity, or mental hallucination upoi 
some subjects only, is ascertained, by post mortem examinations, tc 
be the effect of either external or internal injuries of those portions 
of brain only which are affected. Dreaming also results from im 
perfect sleep ; those portions of the brain in this case retaining a 
degree of consciousness, by which we afterwards recall some of 
these impressions. Perfect sleep being perfect unconsciousness, 
man, in this state, closely resembles vegetative existence. 

5. Because the heads of infants and adults are both extremely 
dissimilar, and both strikingly illustrative of their characters. The 
very differently formed heads of the opposite sexes, but of the same 
variety or even family, are always in accordance with their various 
known characteristics. 

6. The hereditary transmission of family peculiarities, talents, 
and dispositions, are in some cases strikingly singular, and can be 
accounted for on no other than the phrenological principle, or the 
correspondence and similarity of organization of the brain, form, 
and features — "the like producing its kind." Human action is 
clearly referable to organization, "modified by circumstances,' 



81 

temperament, and education. Human conduct is totally inexplica- 
ble upon any others of the L lmerous hypotheses of mental and 
moral philosophy which the ingenuity of men have been fabricating 
since the world began ; and of them it may be said, before the pro- 
gressive, onward march of this science of facts, they are 

" Like the baseless fabric of a vision, 
Dissolving, leaving not a wreck behind." 

The tender infant, when first ushered into the world, with the finest 
formed head, or the finest formed legs, is alike incapable of either 
thinking or walking, from the want of strength and consistency, or 
maturity and perfection of the members or functions by which these 
operations are performed. 

It is only in the full maturity and perfection of our physical being 
chat we are enabled to exhibit our highest or happiest intellectual 
efforts, or the greatest amount of physical energies. 

The disease, decay, and gradual extinction of animal and intel- 
lectual powers appear the natural concomitants of extreme old age ; 
this period presenting the melancholy spectacle of the tottering, im- 
becile, and weak old man — a perfect wreck both of body and mind. 

The great poet and pet of nature so beautifully illustrates these 
different periods of man's existence, that we must beg to quote him. 

" At first the infant, 
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms ; 
And then the whining school- boy, with his satchel 
And shining morning face, creeping like snail 
Unwillingly to school ; and then the lover, 
Sighing like furnace with a woful ballad 
Made to his mistress' eyebrow ; then a soldier, 
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, 
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel, 
Seeking the bubble reputation 
Even in the cannon's mouth ; and then the justice, 
In fair, round belly, with good capon lined, 
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, 
Full of wise saws and modern instances. 
And so he plays his part : the sixth age shifts 
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon, 
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side, 
His youthful hose well-served, a world too wide 
For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice 
Turning again toward childish treble pipes, 
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, 
That ends this strange, eventful history, 
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion — 
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every tfcing. 

Concussions on the brain produce insensibility in a greater or lest 
degree, proportionate to the injury sustained. Tne various degFees 
)f intoxication are also productive of a corresponding degree o! 



82 

mental imbecility, amounting, in extreme cases, to total insensi- 
bility. This is clearly referable to the combined effects of the rush 
of deleterious gases to the brain, generated by the chemical action 
of this liquid fire, or alcohol, on the contents of the stomach, also 
from the repletion of all the vessels, particularly of the brain, thus 
producing a greater or less decree of inflammation or disease of this 
organ of the mind. Deleterious or noxious gases inhaled into the 
brain produce effects on the mind analogous to their character. 
The first stages of inebriation and the effects of " laughing gas" are 
very similar. Hypochondriacism, loss of children and lovers, or 
the frustration 01 any long-cherished passion, react frequently with 
a fearful energy on the whole animal economy, producing insanity, 
iisease, and even death. Excessive mental agitation, intemperance. 
>r excesses in any form, are therefore as prejudicial to the mind as 
jody, and ought to be most sedulously avoided by those who wish 
to preserve their bodily and mental vigor unimpaired. 

Cheerfulness and good temper are highly conducive to health ; 
and happy are those who can preserve unruffled their equanimity 
under privations and disappointments. Grief, unmanly grief, ought 
to be beneath the dignity of proud, aspiring man : for 

" Every grief but adds a nail to our coffin, there 's no doubt, 
Whilst every laugh so merry draws one out." 



HARMONY OF SCRIPTURE WITH PHRENOLOGY. 

The coming of the Messiah was a remarkable advent in the his- 
tory of the world. Of him only it may be said, "He spake as never 
man spake ;" and whose life, actions, and words are a true exem- 
plification of Phrenology, and in precise accordance with its princi- 
ples as a guide to human action. This affords at once one of the 
most conclusive evidences of the divinity of our Saviour, exhibiting 
in his God-like life those divine attributes of Christian charity, love, 
and forgiveness, which were so singularly contrasted with the bloody 
and barbarous Jews of that period, and indeed we may say of the 
whole world which, at that period of time, from the dreadful and 
exterminating wars which the most enlightened nations were 
waging against each other, had converted human beings into mon- 
sters, and this smiling world into one vast arena of blood and 
slaughter, wherein whole nations were oftentimes found extermi- 
nating each other, without regard to age, sex, or condition ; thus 
surpassing in ferocity even the lowest orders of brute creation, who 
but rarely war with their own kind. 

One of the most touching, affecting, and beautiful illustrations of 
character, found on record, ancient or modern, is that of the termina- 
tion of the Saviour's sufferings. When under the excruciating 



83 

pains of a violent and ignominious death, his divine exclamation 
Was. " Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do ! " 
Again ; his golden rule, which comprises nearly all which a Chris- 
•ian or a philanthropist can require, viz., " Do unto others as ye 
would that others should do unto you," for thereby hangs all the 
law and the prophets. This beautiful exposition of moral conduct 
in man could only result in an entire knowledge of the capacities of 
man, and as peculiarly adapted to his state of being in that era, 
and also to future ages when man shall have acquired his highest 
degree of perfection, virtue, and happiness. 

These evidences of the divinity of the Saviour proclaim aloud that 
u peace on earth and good will towards man " was the paramount 
object in view in his mission on earth. These beneficent views are 
singularly in accordance with the relative and social duties of man, 
as inculcated by the correct exposition of the phrenological doc- 
trines when applied to the government of man in society, or in his 
individual capacity. This leads us to consider 



"THE MORAL APPLICATION OF PHRENOLOGY." 

In teaching the supremacy of the ■ moral sentiments, it leads us 
invariably previous to action to ascertain " what is right," by an appeal 
10 those monitors, Conscientiousness and Benevolence, which can- 
not lie, (although we believe various persons are differently consti- 
tuted as to their acute perceptions of right and wrong, for instance 
as in the case of idiots, imbeciles, &c. ;) we touch probably the most 
delicate ground on which the science stands ; as by referring man's 
actions in a great measure to his organization, or as a consequence 
of his perfect or imperfect cerebral organization, or form of head, 
it has, we are aware, been considered by some most conscientious 
philanthropists and Christians as highly objectionable, as removing 
man's accountability for his actions to his Creator, and involving 
the dangerous doctrines of materialism and fatalism. But to the 
candid and unprejudiced observer it must be admitted we are de- 
pendent on our organization in some measure. We conceive this 
result is perfectly in accordance with divine revelation, which em- 
phatically declares that to every man hath been given various 
degrees of talents — to one man was given one talent, to another 
ten, &c. — and that every man shall be judged according to his 
works, or the talents thus bestowed on him. Now does not this 
distinctly imply that human beings are differently constituted, and 
have as many and as various degrees of talent and temper as is 
compatible with the divine intentions of man's creation and his pre- 
sent existence ? 

Common observation strongly confirms this scriptural definition, 



84 

inasmuch as it will be ipparent to any who will vnvestigate the 
matter that men are as differently endowed, joth in their moral, 
physical, and intellectual character, as can we A be conceived ; inas- 
much as we find some who would endure the most terrible priva- 
tions, ay, even death itself probably, rather than to steal or murder ; 
whilst we also do know that many unfortunates are the continual 
occupants of prisons, hospitals for the insane, &c, from either a 
defective organization, in a greater measure to be attributed to 
defective education, and partly possibly from the injudicious modes 
of punishments heretofore adopted for the avowed objects both of 
punishing and of prevention of crimes by example. Now, as to the 
infliction of unmerited punishments, we only indulge in the animal 
feelings in inflicting pain on others, and it is at best calculated only 
to irritate and harden the worst of criminals, and has a tendency to 
degrade the novice in crime to the level of the most abandoned, and 
lower him in the estimation of himself and others. As to the pre- 
vention, by the terrors of example, and punishment of crime in 
others, it is of a very doubtful expediency at the best ; and regarded 
in the worst light, it outrages the moral sentiments of benevolence 
and conscientiousness, "in doing a positive evil, in the bare and 
very remote possibility that good may come of it." Hitherto it 
appears to have been more the object of men to invent punishments 
for crime, than to use any efforts in order to its prevent ton. This 
we conceive is the great error of all legislation without Phrenology. 

It is hoped this digression will lead the seekers of truth from 
Phrenology to well weigh these considerations, as they involve 
questions of the highest import to the whole community, families 
and individuals. 

The friends of the science are very sanguine in the hope, that 
great good will result from its general adoption in all public and 
private institutions, particularly of education, reformation, and 
mental culture, as by means of it great assistance may be rendered 
by its application as a powerful auxiliary in the noble cause of hu- 
man elevation and improvement, both of national and individual 
character. 

This is a science which perhaps has been more misunderstood 
and misrepresented than any other. Some have ignorantly, many 
wilfully, perverted its meaning and objects by levelling their shall* 
of ridicule and sarcasm, under the cognomen of " bumpology," &c 
Now it is true there may be occasionally bumps on the head, and 
there may be also depressions, but these are scarcely of any impor- 
tance whatever in estimating the character ; and when we say that 
many of the finest heads are entirely destitute of them, Ave shall 
perhaps astonish some whose heads may be highly embellished in 
this way, and who may suppose they have a srrongly marked char- 
acter, when probably they have one considera. .y belcw par. 



85 



CHOICE IN MARRIAGE. 

THE PLEASURES OF MATRIMONY AND WOMAN'S RIGHTS P3L2N0Lr&I- 
CALLY ANALYZED. 

By adopting the science of Phrenology as the rule of moral con- 
duct, we must be guided by a reference to the constitutional organi- 
zation, and particularly the formation of the brain. It will be seen 
by a reference to its structure, (p. 89,) that the organ of Amative- 
ness, or that portion which gives rise to the sexual feeling, alone 
occupies nearly one-third of the whole volume of the base of the 
brain, in addition to which the organs of Philoprogenitiveness, Ad- 
hesiveness, and Inhabitiveness are immediately above it, from 
which it may be inferred how large a portion of the brain is devoted 
to the social feelings, or those comprised in the domestic group. 

In a phrenological analysis of character, we always assume the 
larger organs to control the smaller; consequently, the immense 
strength of these organs Vill be inferred, and their power on the 
character of an individual, for good or ill. In order to afford them 
every legitimate gratification, (for we cannot entirely suppress these 
feelings, neither ought we so to do.) we ought to be acquainted with 
their tendencies, their uses and abuses, and the mode of directing 
them, and this can only be properly effected by a close analysis of 
their various functions, as revealed to us by Phrenology, Physio- 
logy, &c. 

By such an analysis we are led to the conviction that man is pre- 
eminently endowed a social being, or is wholly formed for society - 
also, that a state of solitude to him is a state of positive pain, pre- 
cisely in proportion to the strength or development and volume of 
these organs, with the other portions of the brain. The relative 
proportions of these organs in the different sexes, with the differ- 
ences in civilized and barbarous men, and the organs which control 
and direct them, may be seen by referring to the tables of admea- 
surements, as positive facts, which throw a flood of light on this 
subject. 

It may there be seen how much larger, proportionably, are those 
organs which constitute spiritual love, as Veneration, Adhesive- 
ness, ficc, with love of offspring or children, in the female than in 
the male heads ; whilst it may also be seen, that the simple feeling 
of desire, or animal love, (Amativeness,*) is larger in the male — he 
being impelled more by love for a woman, than the woman; 
whilst the exact converse of this is true of the female, which, added 
to her love of children, renders the marriage state so desirable to 
woman in every point of view, and absolutely necessary to hex 
happiness. 

8 



86 

Metaphysicians, who have argued the unlimited power of the 
soul over the body, or that man can begin and carry through a 
series of actions, independent of all cause and motive, we think 
were entirely ignorant of natural laws, as revealed by the operations 
of these organs on the animal economy, as we conceive they are an 
entire and complete refutation of such an opinion. In illustration of 
this view, we shall find the greatest and best of men have, at vari- 
ous times and in all ages, committed follies, and even crimes, under 
the strong impulsive power of this passion of love. These pheno- 
mena are perfectly incredible on the supposition of their actions 
being entirely independent of their organization. History furnishes 
so many singular facts, illustrative of the strength of this passion, 
in all ages and in all countries, that it has become a proverb, and it 
would here be work of supererogation to enumerate them. Suffi- 
cient to say, the very wisest and best of persons who ever lived 
have been, at some seasons, vanquished by this irresistible love. 

One of the most instructive lessons for avoidance of tl.'s error, is 
probably afforded us in the history of those pious and hoi) , but mis- 
taken men, who, imagining they were doing God service, have, 
under strong religious excitements, vowed eternal celibacy, in order 
to propitiate, as they erroneously imagine, the favor of Heaven, by 
outraging one of the best and holiest feelings implanted in our 
nature. The confessions of their tortures are almost appalling, and 
nake us blush for the ignorance of poor human nature, and the 
misconceptions of duty and religion men fall into when they aban- 
don nature for their guide. We can only regard such persons as 
monomaniacs, whose ardent love of religion, (as they interpret it,) 
has disordered their brain, or produced a morbid excitement of the 
moral organs, and who erroneously conceive the animal organs are 
their deadliest foes, because excesses have been committed when left 
unrestrained, and they think to repress them altogether. By so 
doing, they convert one of God's holy ordinances into a chimerical 
and most horrible phantom ; and the impulse of this divine feeling 
they have tortured into the temptations of the Evil One himself, in 
resisting which they supposed they were " fighting the battles of the 
Lord," to win for themselves a glorious immortality. 

How profoundly ignorant are such persons of the physical and 
organic laws which the truths of Phrenology are laying open to our 
view! This teaches us these organs of the propensities are among 
che holiest and best when directed by the intellect and sentiment ; 
and in illustration of this fact, it will be found those nations who 
possess the highest or largest developments of the moral and intel- 
lectual faculties, are the most observant of their matrimonial ob- 
ligations, and cherish .these as the choicest boon from Heaven to 
man. Matrimony is also an institution of God himself, and by 
which womai is placed mo e nearly on a level with the boasted 



87 

"lords of the creation;" fjr, amongst & vages of all nations, she 
is treated as the slave of his passions and caprices, and from the 
degradation in which she is held by her brute tyr& it-master, her 
whole being becomes deformed and deteriorated. Travellers fre- 
quently, in describing the brutal and hideous appearance of these 
savage men, sometimes inform us the women are still more repul- 
sive in their appearance. [See Appendix.] How strikingly is this 
contrasted with woman here and in other highly civilized countries, 
where they are usually distinguished no less for their physical than 
-heir sentimental beauty. [See chapter on Physiognomy, also Ad- 
measurements.] 

This unquestionably results, in a great measure, from the supe- 
rior respect and consideration shown them, which thus adds to their 
beauty and goodness, whereby all the superior sentiments are called 
into action. In this respect woman in this country may take prece- 
dence of all others, as woman here possesses greater freedom than 
elsewhere. 

By a phrenological analysis of woman's character, she is not yet, 
we conceive, all she might be and is susceptible of realizing. We 
think she ought to be, in every respect, on a perfect equality with 
man, and every disability, political or otherwise, under which she 
labors, ought to be removed. Many employments, from which 
tyrant custom has excluded her, ought to be thrown open, and 
vhere nature or inclination points the way let her be free to exer 
cise her gifts. 

It is by the diffusion of knowledge, particularly Phrenology, the 
character of woman will be elevated and improved in the intellect- 
ual and physical organs. They are at present almost too much 
debarred from free air and exercise. Something might be learned 
from Physiology in this respect. We can conceive no reason why 
ladies should be entrusted with the very highest political power in 
Europe, and yet be excluded from many other subordinate trusts 
and employments. As the advocates of religion, temperance, mo- 
rality, and virtue, they are, and would be still more, their efficient 
idvocates and supporters. 

But we are digressing. However men may differ in some re- 
spects on these points, all will be unanimous in the opinion that 
women are eminently qualified by nature to render the home of 
man literally " a little paradise" and home of the affections. How 
much do we not owe to her superior, soft, attractive graces, or 
higher sentimental character, [see Admeasurements,] in promoting 
the love of home, virtue and happiness ! Indeed, no man can be 
said to possess a home, wiihout a woman to grace and adorn it, and 
his happiness must necessarily be incomplete withoii her. Woman 
can be the only sincere friend of man in the hou: of need. Man 
constitutionally cannot possibly feel that sympath for man which 



88 




A perfectly formed Femak ad, with superior temperament 




H U M A NIT Y. 



Sep page 80. No. 1, Reptile, ascending to No. 4, Orang. This -*#g» 
No. 5 i Idiot:*: Human Animal, ascending to No s. Apolio 



89 

woman does, and no woman feeis so deep y or so sensitively as the 
wife of his affections, who, united to him by every endearing tie 
of love, friendship, and family, sincerely sympathises in all his 
joys and sorrows. If in life there is one feeling superior to all 
others in extatic pleasure, it is when man turns from the cold, un- 
feeling world, to the bosom of his beloved one, and receives that 
sympathy of love he looks in vain for elsewhere, and however the 
storms of adversity may assail him without, he will find a haven and 
safe anchorage within his sacred home, lightening, if not removing 
all that mischance or ill fortune can huddle on his back. When 
thus cheered and invigorated by those he loves, he may bend, but 
will not break under the pressure of misfortune, and the sweet part- 
ner of his affections and happiness cheers him on his way, and par- 
ticipates in his weal and woe. 



-all the good we pray for in this life 



Is to be bless'd with one sweet, loving, fond, confiding wife. 

In order fully to attain this blessing, one of the first requisites in a 
good wife is to ascertain that she has a good head, and all other good 
things will naturally follow, such as good temper, good health, good 
nature, good feeling, and, above all, good children, particularly if 
you yourself are also good. But, above all, in the choice of a wife, 
let sincere affection and real esteem be your guide. This will prove 
the greatest happiness of life, your lasting comfort, and a source of 
perpetual bliss. 

Marriage, with love, is like a beauteous 
Fountain of perpetual, never-ending sweets: 
Without love, it is the source of hateful fear, 
Of discord, strife, and jealousies without end. 

As it would be imposv ble in our limited space here to do justice 
to this very interesting subject, we will refer the reader to our small 
pamphlet elucidating this subject, entitled " The Way to get Mar- 
ried ; or Rules for a Happy Choice in Marriage," proving the ne- 
cessity, happiness, and utility of marriage, founded on Phrenology 
and Physiology, natural and revealed religion, &c. 

OF THE PHYSIOGNOMICAL CHARACTER OF MAN, AND 

OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF THE 

HUMAN FAMILY. 

" And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. 
And God created man in his own image ; in the image of God created ha 
him, male and female created he them." 

How ennobling to man this declaration of the Deity, by whom he 
is thus declared to be en lowed with divine beauty, immeasurably 
8* 



90 

Deyond every other creature whatever. He was to resemble the 
Deity himself, the great and divine Author of all good. . 

Thus man, pure from the hands of his Maker, was endowed with 
a degree of heavenly beauty and intelligence corresponding to his 
state of innocence, happiness, and virtue. It will be interesting to 
show how far he has lost that heavenly type of his divine Creator, 
in a corresponding degree with his mental and physical degradation 
and debasement, as exhibited in his history in the various regions 
of the world. A brief outline of the most remarkable will be given 
m the Appendix, for the illustration of these facts in detail. 

The cuts appended are intended, imperfectly, to exhibit the pro- 
gressive scale of being, from the frog or reptile up to the classical 
Grecian profi.- of Apollo Belvidere, from Lavater. 

To the love, of nature, nothing offers a more delightful field for 
study and observation than an acquaintance with himself and his 
own peculiar organization and functions, as expressive of the various 
emotions, ideas, and sentiments of which we are susceptible. 

Phrenology assigns the seat of every emotion and feeling as aris- 
ing in the brain, or the cerebral structure. 

Physiognomy, on the contrary, assigns the features as the origin 
of our various sensations, and to the countenance the manifestation 
of mind, disposition, talents, &c. 

Now, on comparing the merits of these respective theories, we 
distinctly disclaim assigning to either of these instruments the origin 
of our sensations. We consider them as merely the instruments or 
mode by which we are enabled both to receive and to communi- 
cate our impressions of the external world ; and in this view of the 
question, we might suppose the great Author of our being has 
created souls of different degrees of purity or loveliness, and as- 
signed to each their appropriate habitations of beauty or deformity, 
both internal and external ; for in our subsequent remarks (and 
common observation establishes the fact) there is a remarkable cor- 
respondence and harmony between not only the brain and face, but 
also in the whole of the organized structure, and we venture to say, 
this will be seen by all who are the least sensitive to beauty, (and who 
is not ?) We sometimes meet with those delightful persons whom 
we are disposed almost to idolize at first sight, wholly from their 
external appearance or physiognomical expression, whilst we also 
experience strong feelings of aversion to others, simply from unfa- 
vorable appearances. We doubt not but every man's countenance 
is the index to his character, (not the cause of it,) were we but en- 
dowed with sufficient powers o x discernment to read it. We have 
ourselves invariably observed hat where the destructive propensi- 
ties are very small, it is next ti/ impossible for persons thus consti- 
tuted, Strongly to depict these passions by the countenance. So of 
oenevolence, Ace. We also believe there are many exceptions, or 



91 

rather that many most noble natures are overthrown and pr ;>strate£. 
Dy the force of untoward circumstances, (and so misunderstood,) 
and the milk of human kindness turned to gall and bitterness. 

As a further illustration of the truth of Physiognomy, let us com- 
pare the dog-like skull of the cannibal, (page 45,) and then read the 
accompanying physiognomical description, and judge how nearly it 
accords with the horribly repulsive character given of these worse 
than savages, by various travellers. 

To such descriptions it will only be necessary as a contrast, to 
conjure to the mind's eye those form v of beauty and loveliness with 
which he is most familiar and enamored ; or let him turn, in this 
volume, to some of the imperfectly drawn sketches of American 
beauties, Shakespeare, &c, and he must admit there is just as great 
and striking a dissimilarity in their phrenological developments 
and physiognomical expression and appearance, as in their very 
widely dissimilar and striking characteristics. [See tables of mea- 
sures.] 

For our purpose it is not necessary to go into minute detail on 
this subject, but let these strongly marked and diversified facts speak 
for themselves, as there exhibited. This leads us to consider 

THE ADVANTAGES OF A PHRENOLOGICAL AND PHY- 
SIOLOGICAL STUDY OF NATURE. 

To a contemplative mind nothing offers so much to admire as the 
physical organization and mechanism of man. We may well ex- 
claim with the Psalmist of old, " Lord, I am fearfully and wonder- 
fully made." Nothing, probably tends to awaken a sense of our 
dependence on the divine Author of our being, more than an inves- 
tigation of our own organization, structure, and bodily functions. 
Indeed, we think this as a branch of study ought to be paramount 
to most others. More particularly is it of the highest importance to 
the mothers of our country. "We would ask, what earthly blessing 
can equal that inestimable feeling of happiness we experience in the 
enjoyment of a vigorous state of health. Indeed, without this bless- 
ing, the greatest of earthly enjoyments can avail us but little. Now 
without a knowledge of some of the most important functions of the 
human structure, how can we hope to treat ourselves or children in 
a manner conducive to health ? # Let me ask, would we not require 
a machinist who undertook the charge of a steam engine, to under- 
stand its mode of operation, of shutting off and putting on steam at 
appropriate times, and conducting every other department of duty 

*Dr. Andrew Combe on the Physiology of Digestion, ought to form a 
oart of every family library. 



92 

with correctness, fidelity and despatch — a knowle; ge of which can 
only be acquired by a long and studied acquaintance with the ope- 
rations of the machine and its various parts. What would be the 
results of placing one in charge of the engine who had never 
received the least instruction upon this subject? "Why, we should 
apprehend the most disastrous consequences to ensue. 

And yet, I should say, precisely in this condition are those parents 
placed, when the charge of a family devolves on them without their 
having the least previous acquaintance with the structure and or- 
ganization of the tender and delicate beings thus entrusted to their 
charge. It is very true that the ins inctive love and fondness we 
have for children might prevent us committing any very glaring 
mistakes ; but although nature has endowed the whole of created 
beings with this necessary faculty in a corresponding ratio with the 
care and attention necessary for their health and preservation, yet to 
man has she denied those strong instinctive propensities possessed 
in so remarkable a manner by the inferior order of animals for the 
care of their young, &c. Yet as man, of all other beings, comes 
into the world more helpless, more tender ana delicate, requiring 
also much more varied nutriment, and for a much greater length of 
time, but as she has not been thus liberal to him, she has far more 
than compensated in this respect by the endowment of that God-like 
attribute which we call reason, and by the cultivation of which we 
can render ourselves infinitely more competent to discharge our 
duties. By judiciously exercising his reasoning faculties, man can 
immeasurably surpass the brute creation, in this respect as in every 
other, as instanced by his skill in the management of animals, &c. 
But how does the case stand at present, with regard to his own 
offspring ? Why, it has been clearly ascertained by statistical tables 
that in Europe an immense portion, computed to be one-third of the 
whole number born, perish in their infancy. And can we arraign 
the wisdom or goodness of Divine Providence in this fatality of the 
human species in the earlier stages cf existence ? By comparing this 
frightful mortality with that of the lower order of animals, we 
have indeed reason to blush at the comparison! No such mortality 
exists amongst the inferior animals, or by any means approaching 
it, and we must come to the inevitable conclusion that in spite of 
the boasted improvements of the age, we are yet lamentably defi- 
cient in this most important matter. Every person having the 
haprmess and well-being of others in view, ought to direct his most 
earnest attention to this subject, in order to avert the fatal conse- 
quences here alluded to. 

Mr. G. Combe [see Appendix,] also has acquired a very great and 
deserved ce ebrity from his beautiful exposition and philosophical 
moae of investigating and applying the science as a moral rule of 
action. He contends, and beautifully exemplifies, that by studying 



93 

and adopting the rules whici regulate physical naUire, as divulged by 
the studies of Phrenology and Physiology, we may attain the high- 
est degree of health and happiness ; and also that by studying the 
laws of health, we may infinitely improve ourselves both in our 
physical an'd moral being, and also that these conditions are much 
more nearly allied than is generally supposed by superficial observers 

It will be found there is nothing more conducive to happiness 
than health ; and yet it is astonishing how much this condition is 
neglected, both in regard to the laws of hereditary descent, and also 
those of pure air, exercise, and dietetics. How many of even the 
better educated act as though there were no physical laws, which 
govern existences, and of animated nature, of which we form a part. 
How profoundly ignorant are many on these subjects! And yet, 
without health we are unfit to exercise our intellectual faculties, to 
receive education, or to fulfil our duties in our social relations. 
Without health, we may become a burthen to ourselves and others ; 
and yet we are continually outraging some of the most obvious and 
most salutary laws, which are unquestionably framed for our good, 
and by a moderate attention to and observance of which, we may 
immeasurably promote our own and others' happiness. 

Could man but implicitly submit himself to the will of his Creator, 
or, in other words to his natural laws, and their peculiar application 
to himself, as revealed by a thorough and accurate acquaintance 
with his own innate feelings and fundamental, primitive character, 
as developed by Phrenology, he would infinitely advance in religion, 
virtue, and happiness. This naturally leads to the vast importance 
of the 

HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION OF ACQUIRED HABITS 
AND IMPROVED ORGANIZATION. 

In showing the remarkable phenomena exhibited by nature in the 
transmission of hereditary qualities, we shall be greatly assisted in 
our researches after truth by a comparison of animals, particularly 
those which are under the guardianship and tutelage of man, as the 
horse, dog, Ace. Of the infinite variety of these animals, we must 
regard them as having each sprung from a common stock ; and the 
great diversity of talents, temper and disposition of the dog are 
clearly traceable to the care and attention bestowed on him by man, 
not only in training and teaching them particular habits and acquire- 
ments, but also in the very great care and expense incurred by in- 
dividuals in selecting the most beautifully formed and more perfect 
specimens to perpetuate their respective forms and qualities. So 
great has been the success attending this plan in England, where it 
has certainly been carried to a wonderful degree of perfection, that 
it is found possible to produce dogs, horses, &c, of almost any 



94 

required qualities, simply by a judicious selection oi the parent 
stock.* To prove the possibility of this transmission of qualities, it 
is well known that the more perfectly educated dogs, as the pointer, 
setter, &c, not only themselves but also their offspring, inherit in a 
remarkable degree those rare qualities for which they are so much 
prized. 

Now, in order fully to understand this subject, we must bear in 
mind that the qualities here alluded to are by no means their natu- 
ral propensities, but are all acquired, and show how much nature 
may be moulded and even entirely changed by art. The same may 
also be said of the human species. 

*Dog fanciers, &c, are frecjuently much better acquainted with thi 
pedigree and ancestry of their horses and dogs, than of meir own families 
and appear to think it of greater importance. 




Domestic (or Improved) Dog, with Benevolence, fyc 




Wild Dog or W?lf — no Benevolence, fyc» 



95 




REMARKS ON THE MURDERER R . 

The drawing of the large head above is of a most cool and delib 
erate murderer, whose name we will suppress in consideration of 
his numerous relatives. He had received a good education, and 
for some time was captain of a steamer plying to New Orleans 
He subsequently engaged in the Texian service, and held the rank 
of lieutenant at the period of his committing the murders of two 
individuals, (a medical gentleman and a passenger,) who had left 
the Texian vessel in the Gulf of Mexico, near the mouth of Bayou 

la Fourche. It appeared in evidence, on the trial, that R and 

an accomplice left the vessel on the pretext of gunning, when in 
reality they pursued the two gentlemen up the Bayou, each agreeing 
to participate in th*» murder, but the courage of his accomplice failing, 

this Lieut. R shoi both the unfortunate gentlemen. They then 

sank one body, by tying he*wy shot to it, which they had brought 
from the vessel for this purpose It was their intention to sink both 
the bodies, but they found the shot w T ould not be sufficiently heavy, 
so they dragged one on shore, and buried him in the swamp, where 
he was afterwards found. The motive for the deed could not be 
ascertained, as neither of the gentlemen alluded to had property of 
value w T ith them. These criminals had the audacity to take back 
some of the murdered victims' articles on board the vessel, and as 
they had been absent all day, and were seen to secrete some articles 
under the spars on deck^it led to some suspicion, and, on examina- 
tion, proving to be articles of the two gentlemen who left in the 
morning, they were ironed whilst in their cots, taken to Thibadeau- 
ville, and both found guilty. Johnson, the accomplice, was repriev 



96 

ed ; this R was executed, and under those appalling circum- 
stances, as he had himself asserted, and as the extraordinary head 
would indicate, he retained his composure and self-possession in a 
most extraordinary degree. He appeared the least affected of any 
present. His conduct strongly contrasted with the sobs and lamen- 
tations q£ the females, (who could see the execution from their 
.wellings.) All else was as quiet as the grave. The narrator has 
seen eight poor malefactors suspended at once in the midst of a 
populous city, without experiencing sensations of horror as at 
this time. The sun was shining in his meridian splendor, with a 
glorious brilliancy. Enormous trees, with their giant arms fes- 
tooned with long, sweeping, but sombre looking Spanish moss, filled 
the background, conveying a melancholy but picturesque effect to 
this scene of extremest human suffering and anguish, and, it may 
be added, of almost super-human courage exhibited, worthy a more 
glorious field. 

At his own request, he had been furnished with an extra length 
and thickness of rope ; the gibbet was of an extra height, that he 
might have five feet to fall, in order, as he said, to make quick 
work of it. He required no assistance in ascending the ladder, or 
in placing the rope round his neck, nor was his face covered. He 
thus stood firm as a statue for several minutes after every thing 
was ready. Bowing gracefully to the few assembled, he gave the 
preconcerted signal, the sheriff withdrew the bolt, and, with a tre- 
mendous crash and dislocation of the neck, in a few moments, with- 
out a struggle, a distorted, hideous, livid corse swung before us, a 
terrible example to evil-doers. 

His head, it will be seen in the measures, is strikingly like Deaf 
Burke, the noted English pugilist, who has, we believe, killed severa, 
in boxing. It is also a remarkable fact, that in his fight with the 
Irish champion, O'Rourke, about that time, he nearly killed him in 
two or three rounds, and had not the deaf one been furnished by an 
American gentleman present, with one of those huge cleavers called 
a bowie knife, w.th which he fought his way out of a mob, he would 
have been destroyed on the spot by the infuriated Irishmen and 
friends of O'Rourke, who was the boxing champion of New 
Orleans. 

It is also said of this murderer that he performed a similar exploit 
in New Orleans at a former period. 

When the author visited New Orleans jail, he found no difficulty 
in selecting the worst criminal there. He was a most notorious, 
pugnacious person, and his fellow prisoners dubbed him John Bull. 
His head was very similar to this murderer, but he would not be 
measured, although the author offered him a sum, as he imagined 
and flik<5 many other criminals,) was fearful some actions of his 
pas^t life w r ould be revealed by such an examination. 



97 



NATIVE HINDOO SKULL, FROM CALCUTTA. 

The small skull is that of a Hindoo, being one of six which were 
procured from Hindoostan by Dr. J. V. C. Smith, of Boston. The 
Heads of each are strikingly similar, as the tables of measures show, 
being very small in Destructiveness, or 6, and very large in 12, or 
Caution. A drawing of one suffices for the whole. They are all 
strikingly illustrative of their national defect, timidity and coward- 
ice — so much so, they have been the prey of every invader, from the 
earliest records to the present time. Hindoostan has been conquered 
and successively field in bondage by the ancient Greeks, the Per- 
sians, the Tartars, the Moguls, and more recently by the British, 
who, with a comparatively small force, still hold this country in a 
state of vassalage, and exercise a despotic jurisdiction over the 
natives, chiefly by fomenting petty jealousies amongst the native 
princes, setting them at war with each other, and then, under the 
pretence of arb.trating their differences, levying enormous annual 
contributions from each, who, in their turn, levy these on their peo- 
ple, producing in some seasons great destitution and misery ; thus 
perpetuating one vast system of plunder, unworthy a great and en- 
lightened people. # 

V/hen a youth, the author visited Calcutta, when the Burmese 
had obtained some advantage over the British, and it was thought 
necessary by the British East India government to obtain an addi- 
tional volunteer marine corps from the British ships then in port at 

*The British tory government, under the old idiot George III., would 
nave succeeded in affording just such protection to the Americans, had the 
heads of the Revolutionary patriots been like these. That monarch's 
head, as exhibited on the bronze equestrian statue in London, the author 
has phrenologically examined, and pronounces it but a very little superior 
to the Idiot, [see portrait No. 2,] although the work of the first sculptor 
of the age. The whole head is the most repulsive he has ever seen. A 
phrenologist almost shudders to look at such an inferior head. 

This idiotic monarch has also generally been described by Byitn, 
and other independent writers, as having a dog forehead. Of course, it is 
a matter of history that he was confined as a lunatic for many years. The 
portraits we have of him are grossly flattered, as well as those generally 
of Queen Victoria, and others of royal blood, both male and female. 
The descendants of this old fool are, and have been in their private lives, 
with scarcely any exception, the most notoriously vicious characters in 
Great Britain. They have expended millions on millions of the people's 
money in every species of crime and debauchery, of which the world 
scarcely affords a parallel, some of which are almost unknown here. 

It was the authors first object, on arriving in this country, to forswear 
allegiance to such superlative villanies. and he cannot here help recording 
his opinions and his detestation of their tyranny and robberies on their 
own people. It is hop^u the English and American people will unite 
against their only common encuiy the aristocracy of Great Britain. 

o (See last page.) 



Calcutta, the Sir Thomas Grenville's crew and officers, about one 
hundred, volunteered. The government, in place of these, furnished 
three hundred of the most robust Lascars to stow the ship's cargo, 
&c, and at the end of two weeks they had scarcely accomplished as 
much as one hundred Englishmen would do in half that period. In 
lifting any article, however light, as many would cluster around it 
as nearly to hide the object. In forging a small piece of iron, four 
or five will station themselves around the anvil, striking at intervals. 
He has also seen four using one large saw, and so on with their 
other tools. They have smaller heads than probably any other 
people whatever. They appear to have remainechstationary for ages. 



A PLAN 



WHEREBY ALL PERSONS MAY BECOME THEIR OWN PHRENOLOGIST; 
ALSO TO CHOOSE A WIFE, COMPANION, OR FRIEND. 



>Acir. of top. 



o^ se 




99 

Apply the end of a common tape measure exactly to the meatus 01 
opening of either ear, and draw it round horizontal, (the head being 
perpendicular,) to the opposite ear, and the number of inches give 4 * 
the strength or size of the particular organs it covers. The same 
mode may be resorted to in the direction of the dotted lines, to as- 
certain the proportion of the other organs so specified. 

The whole may be compared with the sizes here given of F. 
Coombs's approved bust, (but which, owing to mistake, is rather too 
large in Amativeness.) 

This mode will afford a very simple and very correct way of as- 
certaining the leading phrenological character. 

Superior female heads are usually rather smaller than the male 
head which these admeasurements represent. 

The measure of the base of circumference of head will contrast 
with the portion immediately above it, (the dotted lines,) and serves 
to show the controling organs, Intellect, Caution, &c, as opposed to 
the propelling or animal powers, or base of brain. The measure 
fiom bottom of forehead, or Individuality, to the occipital spine, (or 
small, bony projection near the base of skull behind,) serves to show 
the. intellectual and sentimental powers, and when larger here than 
in the bust is a very favorable indication of character. 

By this method, we only obtain the general outline of character, 
but it clearly shows that which is moLt important to know, viz., the 
proportions which the various parts of the brain or implied leading 
characteristics bear to each other. This admeasurement of the head 
also embraces, besides those named on the cut, the organs which the 
tape passes over, for which reason we may take it as a general 
classification of the various organs, as they are embraced in groups 
by this measure, nearly all being of a similar character, tnrough the 
line which the tape covers, and the measurements in each region 
give a very fair estimate of the general character, much more to be 
depended on than the mode of guessing by some phrenologists, who 
seldom resort, to measuring the head, and who must consequently be 
more liable to error of judgment. 

This mode of estimating character has been too much overlooked, 
and to promote this object, the tables of measures are furnished in 
this book, which he means to adopt as his standard, also for the 
purpose of eliciting truth by such measures. As an instance, should 
any gentleman remarkable for his philanthropy be found to mea- 
sure very low in the region of Benevolence, we will abandon Phre- 
nology, and proclaim it to be founded in errc r and misapprehension. 
But we have not the slightest fear of such a result. The tables of 
admeasurements show most conclusively the general characteristics 
of the various individuals. He will still resort to the same method, 
and intends to collect as mar.y admeasurements of remarkable per- 
sons as he possibly can. for which purpose he invites all publi: or 



100 

remarkable personages to have their heads measured, free of 
expense, for future publication. The admeasurements of very re- ( 
markable, pious, amiable, or exemplary ladies are also much wanted 
as a contrast to inferior heads. 

The author extremely regrets that an admeasurement of his own 
head, taken by the same instrument six years ago, w r as lost at the 
printer's, as it would have conclusively shown a very considerable 
increase of size in that period, without an increase of personal size 
or weight, clearly showing that cerebral action, as in the exercise of 
his profession, evidently tends to enlarge the brain. 

He would here take this opportunity of qualifying an expression 
made in a former part of this book, as to the sizes of the intellectual 
organs of savages, &c, as one or two of the North Western Indian 
Chiefs appear to be an exception to the rule of absolute size ; but 
then it will be seen, relatively to the other parts or base of the brain, 
they can scarcely be called large. Those chiefs were gigantic men, 
most of them weighing over two hundred pounds, and the most ath- 
letic men he has seen on the continent of America. The author 
had an opportunity of hearing Keokuck, the head chief, make a set 
.peech, of nearly one hour long, lefore a grand council of Indians. 
His eloquence was the most impassioned and energetic he ever 
heard, and the action chaste and perfectly appropriate. The lan- 
guage of the Indian is exceedingly guttural, and in perfect unison 
with the strong, warlike passions which they so delight in expressing 
in their war-whoop, words, and actions. Their language is peculiarly 
harsh, and discordant, and appears almost incapable of expre-ssing 
the softer emotions. Keokuck' s speech will ever remain fixed in 
memory, as an example of the stern, the fierce, the terrible. He 
has never seen it surpassed by E. Forrest himself. It was equally 
picturesque, and standing as he did the ardent champion of a rem- 
nant of his race, invested him with a romantic interest which will 
not be readily forgotten. 

The author has visited amongst the North Western Indians, and 
also, a few years since, the Hindoos of Asia, and in boyish sport 
has chased many of the latter ; but a whole regiment of soldiers 
will scarcely suffice to make the former run. They live entirely on 
animal food, if they can procure it. He has seen them eat flesh of 
any description, scarcely half sodden, which they prefer, without 
bread or vegetable of any kind. The females are not allowed to 
partake till the men have eaten. They may be said to be perfectly 
carniverous. (See their measures.) Also the East Indians, who, on 
the contrary, are remarkably abstemious in their diet, w'll scarcely 
destroy animals for food, but subsist chiefly on rice, vegetables, &c. 
Indeed, so tender are they of animal life, they have hospitals pro- 
vided for many of them, and persons injuring them are compelled by 
*aw to support them anil pay the doctor's fees. 



101 



APPENDIX, 

ILLUSTRATIVE OF PHYSIOGNOMY 



[Referred to at page 90.] 

Bleumanbach divides the human family into five different varieties, but 
which perhaps may be more properly called races. In their physiognomi- 
cal and other peculiarities he thus classifies and describes : 

1. The Caucassian race, inhabiting the greater portion of Europe, in- 
cluding the United States of America and some portion of Asia, are dis- 
tinguished by a beautifully soft, fair, and transparent skin, susceptible of 
every variety of tint ; the hair fine, long and curling, of various colors. 
The skull is large and oval, and its anterior or intellectual region full and 
elevated. The face is proportionably small, of an oval form, and deli- 
cately formed features. The chin full and rounded, and the teeth nearly 
perpendicular. Portions of this race early attained the highest degree of 
civilization and intellectual attainments. 

2. The Mongolian race, inhabiting central and eastern Asia and som ^ 
portion of the North American continent, are characterized by a sallow or 
olive skin, straight hair and thin beard ; the nose broad and short ; the 
eyes small, black, and oblique ; the lips curled ; the cheek-bones broad 
and flat. The skull is oblong-oval, flattened at the sides, with a very low 
forehead. In their intellectual character they exhibit considerable talents 
and are somewhat susceptible of education and improvement. 

3. The Malay race are inhabitants of the Polynesian group of isl- 
ands; also Madagascar, Borneo, &c. 

This race are characterized by a dark complexion, varying from a tawny 
hue to a very dark brown. Their hair is black, coarse, and lank, and 
their eyelids drawn obliquely upwards at the outer angle. The mouth 
and lips are large ; the nose is short and broad, and apparently broken at 
its roots. The face is flat and expanded, the upper jaw projecting, the 
teeth salient. The skull is high and rounded, and the forehead low and 
broad. This race exhibit great difference and varieties amongst them. 
Some are active and ingenious, but very degraded on ll e whole, and are 
nearly the lowest in the scale of humanity. 
9* 



102 

The head of the Malay is large, and the nose short, depressed, and fia f i 
at the nostrils. The eyes are small, black, oblique, and expressive. The 
face is broad and very prominent, and the mouth and lips are large. 
Their color is a brown, with a bronze tint. 

The skull of the Malay is very low in the forehead ; the cheek-bones 
are high and expanded; the jaws are greatly projected, and the upper 
jaw, with the teeth, is much inclined outwards, and nearly horizontal. 
The teeth remarkably fine and strong. 

A portion cf this family, living on the Island of Battas, are the most 
remorseless and habitual cannibals on the face of the earth. Nay more, 
they not only eat their victims, but eat them alive, or do not previously 
put them to death, and these are not unfrequently their own people and 
relations. Prisoners of war are eaten at once, and the slain devoured 
without cooking. 

In the great Island of Borneo, the Malays have possession of the entire 
coast, and the mountainous region of the interior is peopled by the savage 
Dayacks and Eidahous, who are represented as being fairer than the 
Malays, but still more sanguinary and ferocious. 

The Polynesian family, a portion of whom, the New Zealanders, are 
the most sanguinary and intractable. Their combined treachery, cruelty, 
and cannibalism have made them proverbial since the discovery of th'dr 
island. Capt. Crozet, whose crew they attempted to destroy, thus de- 
scribes them : — " They treated us (says he) with every show of friendship 
for thirty-three days, with the intention of eating us on the thirty-fourth." 

The Fegee Islanders vie with the New Zealanders in treachery aLvi 
cannibalism. Capt. Dillon gives a heart-rending account of the murder 
of fourteen of his men, who were subsequently baked in ovens, and after- 
wards devoured in his presence. 

4. The American race is marked by a brown complexion, long, black, 
lank hair, and deficient beard. The eyes are black and deep-set, the 
nrow low, the cheek-bones high, the nose large and aquiline, the mouth 
large, and the lips tumid and compressed. The skull is small, wide be 
tween the parietal bones, prominent at the vertex. Their characteristics 
are slowness and distaste for acquiring knowledge, stern, unyielding, 
proud, revengeful and cruel. [See table of admeasurements of distin- 
guished chiefs, who are mostly gigantic men, and have unusually fine 
heads for savages, far the best in the collection.] 

5. The Ethiopian variety* inhabiting the greater portion of Africa and 
the continent (it may be called) of New Holland, and islands adjacent, 
are characterized by black complexion, black, woolly hair, eyes large and 
prominent, the nose broad and flat, the lips thick, and the mouth wide. 
The head is long and narrow, and the forehead low ; the cheek-bones 
prominent, the jaws projecting, and the chin small. The several nations 
comprised in this variety are rather diversified, but extremely low, and 
amongst the most degraded of the human species ; amongst whom are 
trie Hottentots, whose-complexion is of a yellow brown, or bright olive ; 
the hair black and woolly, and very small beard ; the backhead large ; 
receding forehead, and wide, large face ; the eyes far apart, the nose broad 
and flat; and the women if possible more repulsive than the men. 
They are inveterately indolent an*., gluttonous, devouring every kind of 



103 

animal refuse that falls in their way, without preparat nn, and then throw 
themselves down and sleep off the effects. Their d .veilings are mud- 
hoveis, bushes, caves, or clefts in the rocks. Many go naked, without 
shame ; others partially cover themselves with the skins of animals they 
kill. They have no more notion of decency or cleanliness than animals, 
are robbers by profession, and kill everything indiscriminately which they 
cannot carry with them. 

The Bosjesmans are far more degraded and savage than any other 
Hottentot tribes. Some maintain that they are different from the Hot- 
tentots, and constitute the ultimate link in the scale of humanity. 

The face of the New Hollander is ugly in the extreme ; projects greatly 
from the head, and the mouth is particularly prominent, with very thick 
and protuberant lips. The nose is flat and broad and the nostrils ex- 
panded. A deep sinus separates the nose from the forehead, and the 
frontal ridges overhang the eyes, while the forehead is low and slopes 
rapidly to the top of the head.' The hair is often long, very coarse, and 
frizzled, yet rarely woolly. They are perpetually engaged in war, and 
seldom if ever pardon an enemy, but generally kill and eat them. Their 
courtship, if such it can be called, consists in violence, and their women 
are treated through life with unparalleled brutality. They are to the last 
degree filthy and gluttonous in the extreme. 

A portion of the Australian family, inhabiting the Island Andaman, are 
of small stature, slender limbs, protuberant abdomen, high shoulders, 
and large faces, exhibiting a horrid mixture of famine and ferocity. 

Foster compares the people of Malicolo to monkeys, and asserts that 
he had seen no negroes in whom the forehead was so depressed. 

This family is also found in the numerous islands near Guinea, New 
Britain, Admiralty, and Hermit Island, &c. 

The origin of color, and other differences amongst the human family, 
nave frequently employed the pens of historians and philosophers. Here 
is one opinion attempting to elucidate this subject, by Dr. Caldwell : 

" It is computed, by the Mosaic account, that about four thousand one 
hundred and ninety years from the creation, Noah and his family left the 
ark, who, from the most undoubted authority, were of the Caucassian or 
white race ; and yet we have the most abundant historical evidences, that 
above three thousand years ago the Ethiopian or negro family were 
known as inhabiting a portion of Africa, and possessing their present 
characteristics. Consequently, if of the same race as the white, the 
change of color, features, &c, must have been effected in less than one 
thousand years, and then remained stationary to the present day." 

To illustrate the fact that color is not the effect of a warm 'climate or 
exposure to the sun, nor the peculiar characteristic of the negroes alone, 
some of the Esquimaux (eaters of raw flesh,) on the icy shores of the 
island of Greenland, are extremely dark and many of them at Oppem- 
wick are quite as dark as the mullatoes. Crantz, the missionary, says 
that they are crafty, sensual, ungrateful, obstinate, and unfeeling. They 
also devour the most disgusting animals, uncleaned and uncooked. Their 
mental faculties present a continued childhood. They are fickle and fa- 
cetious, and their connubial infidelity is a proverb among voyagers. In 
gluttony, selfishness, and ingratitude, they are perhaps uneqi ailed by any 
other people in the trorld. 



104 



[Referred to at page 93 ] 

The Diary of Mr. Combe, in his late tour in the Ur ted States, is some- 
what more impartial than any of the preceding English tourists, yet does 
not, we humbly conceive, fully appreciate the great differences in the mo- 
narchical and republican forms of government on the character of man. 
There appears, though to a less extent, the same carping at unimportant 
trifles, and a want of comprehensiveness of the magnificent whole, as pre- 
sented by the entire American people, more particularly as evidenced by 
the gigantic strides, within a very few years, in every useful art ancl 
science, and probably in none so much as "those immense" public works of 
utility, the railroads and canals, which are intersecting every part of the 
Union, and uniting all the people in one community of purpose and feel- 
ing. In a military point of view, also, these are of incalculable impor 
tance, as by this means of communication an army of one hundred thou 
sand men can be concentrated in any one point on the Atlantic north of 
the Potomac in twenty-four hours, rendering us invulnerable to any powe* 
which can be brought against the republic by sea or land. The Ameri 
cans may proudly contrast with the same race of people under a monarch 
ical form of government, but let it be a loving, a generous comparison. 

We must also beg leave entirely to dissent from Mr. C, in his views 
as to the justice and expediency of the movements of the chartists in 
England, who are contending for vote by ballot and universal suffrage, 
and whom we conceive to be engaged in the most righteous cause that 
men were ever yet employed in. We insist upon it, nothing but lunacy, 
idiocy, or crimes can justify withholding from, or depriving any man or 
body of men, the privilege of managing their own affairs. Shall we be 
told by Mr. C., or any other gentleman, that because some disorders may 
possibly ensue, (and this is merely his gratuitous supposition,) that we 
are still to continue the same villanous state of things which has reduced 
the true nobility of England and Ireland, (the working people.) to the 
condition of the poorest slaves in existence, (excepting in the actual sale 
of their bodies?) And still, according to him, we are to persevere in this 
same course, which has so brutalized the people that he attempts to show 
they are unfit to exercise the privileges of men. Away with such unjusti- 
fiable legislation. Such arguments, no doubt, have their weight with the 
contemptible aristocracy of Great Britain, who really seem to imagine 
that all other people were born like beasts to bear their burthens. By a 
strange perversity of reasoning, totally unexpected from Mr. C, their 
tyranny and oppression are to be continued until these same causes which 
have produced this state of things have resulted in a state of things pre- 
cisely dissimilar and diametrically opposite ! 

If we comprehend Mr. C, be deliberately advances this as his opinion, 
which we most solemnly protest against. Notwithstanding our admira- 
tion for him on other subjects, on this we are enlisted body and soul, and 
will not give up our opinion to any man living. 

By the same parity of reasoning, the kind and generous slave-holder 
thinks he is doing good service in retaining his slave in his obedience 
until he has qualified him for what he conceives to be necessary for 
his happiness and comfort, and is competent to enjoy and make a rational 
use of his liberty Abolitionists will tell you how far distant such a day will 



105 

be with those whose optics are so blinded by prejudice, tl ey caji only see 
the ignorance and debasement of the slave, and not the causes which have 
led to it, or the unalienable rights of man to be free. Both these systems 
of slavery in England and America equally tend to brutalize man. And 
those who hold them in bondage have the same kind chanty for them — to 
take care of them until they are fit, in their estimation, to" receive their 
freedom. 

Such are the robberies and exactions on the poor working citizens of 
Great Britain, that this class have rarely the means to purchase books of 
popular authors, from the price being usually three or fourfold the price 
the same books are sold for in this country. Hence the press and nearly 
the whole of English literature is and must be purely aristocratic. 

Mr. C. also complains of us in this respect, as doing a great injustice 
to authors; but Mr. C. might equally well complain of the whole world 
Resides, for all freely avail themselves of English, French, and German 
literature, without this complaint being brought against them, and we see 
no injustice in our availing ourselves of the same privilege on a larger, 
which others do on a smaller scale ; for we see no reasons to make dis- 
tinctions of persons. If English authors appeal to the generosity of the 
American people for some remuneration for their works, we think it 
would be conceded ; but we cannot conceive why they should levy contri- 
butions, on this score, upon us more than any other people whatever, 
from whom we never heard of their making any such demands as from 
us. 

That the Americans and the whole civilized world are deeply, immeasu- 
rably indebted to English literature, must be conceded ; whilst it may also 
be complained of that the spirit of English literature is decidedly aristo- 
cratic and extremely injurious, as it so largely contributes to the formation 
of character ; and most of the vices of aristocracy in this country are the 
injurious effects of English literature on public taste, which is and must 
be decidedly aristocratic until a new order of things appear in England, 
which we hope is not far distant, when the sovereign people will sweep 
their barbarous oppressors like chaff before the wind, by the force of pub- 
lic opinion, when once they are thoroughly aroused to their own rights by 
the agitations, &c, of the chartists. America, we hope, is destined 
largely to contribute to this change. Then will the English and Ameri- 
cans be united as one people in a noble and generous rivalry of love; but 
this can never be until the whole people of England have assumed or pos 
sess a share in conducting the affairs of the government, and have driven 
their present tyrants and enemies of all mankind from the power which 
they have so unjustly usurped, and made themselves odious in'the sight of 
all mankind, from India to the poles. 

Mr. C. relates an amusing incident occurring on board the steamboat, 
as he was proceeding to Albany. It appears a passenger had unwittingly 
supposed that, as Mr. Combe was a phrenologist, he also examined heads. 
But Mr. C. informs us he does not in public, or for pay ; which we think 
is to be regretted. 

On the same page, (54, vol. 2,) Mr. C. does an injustice to a most 
worthy, sensitive young gentleman of Kentucky, (Mr. Porter,) whom 
Mr. C. says we made a show of, to add to the attractions of Phrenology. 
Now, the fact is, Mr. P., (the Kentucky Giant, as he is usually called; 



106 

being the tallest man in the world,) had actually refused ten thousand 
dollars a year, if he would consent to be exhibited, but he declined. [See 
nis Self-Esteem.] Major Stevens, also alluded to, was engaged as secre- 
tary. Mr. C. examined their very singular and most extraordinary heads 
in public, and lectured before twenty thousand persons in New York, in 
five weeks, of course owing to this attraction. [N. B. Wanted just such 
another couple of extraordinary heads to lecture from. See their admea- 
surements.] 

Mr. C. is not the only person to whom ludicrous mistakes have oc- 
curred from similarity of" names. Whilst the author was at Saratoga, an 
unfortunate tailor of Albany sc*at a bill and pair of paiirs, (not G. M.,) 
to Congress Hall, addressed " Mr. Combs, Phrenologist," whilst he 
was at that house. This was rut her ludicrous, as they were a complete 
misfit, and the author never ordered or purchased a pair in the city of 
Albany in his itinerising. 

As to the similarity of names. F. Coombs will be here excused for men 
tioning that his family are, and have been for fifty years past, extensively 
engaged as architects and builders, 9 and 10 Benett's Hill, St. Paul's, 
London. One of his relatives also is the architect of the most costly 
public edifices now erecting in the United States. 

F. Coombs having had twenty years' experience in Europe, eight years 
in the United States and Canada, and several months' residence in the 
East Indies, hopes at a future day to give his impressions of the Anglo- 
Saxon family, as elicited under the governments republican, monarchical, 
and colonial. He had, previous to his last visit to England, foresworn 
allegiance to the British crown. America is now his home, and although 
born within the very shadow of St. Paul's, London, he shall call himself 
a Yankee phrenologist. He detests monarchical abuses and robberies, 
and none so much as the British tories, whom he conceives the greatest 
and most impudent robbers on this earth, not only of their own victimised, 
impoverished people, but of all creation, wherever they have the power; 
as witness their robberies in India, China, &c. But thank God, this they 
cor Id not do for 'Jonathan' when in his infancy of growth, and he has 
n&thing to fear now from all the tories in the world. 

We are tempted to preach a crusade against these human harpies, or 
thieving tories, who are the curse of this earth. They have impoverished 
and nearly ruined dear old England, and reduced her noble sons and 
daughters to the condition of the veriest slaves on earth. Great God ! 
shall such things always be ? 

Some of these hireling tourists are their strongest allies and supporters, 
by misrepresenting everything here, generous, free, or American. We 
certainly feel induced to publish also our tour, or peregrinations, to 
show how much the Americans and their free institutions have been be- 
lied. The author has experienced the kindness of the Americans, from 
the President in his palace to the squatter in his log cabin on the banks 
of the Mississippi, and strongly and utterly condemns the impressions of 
most preceding tourists, as being infin. :ely different and totally at variance 
from the truths he has arrivec at, after i residence of above seven years in 
this country. 



AMERICANS, READ THIS! 



PHRENOLOGY «"«« ALEX R M c LE0D. 

THE EXACT AND EXTRAORDINARY MEASUREMENTS 

OF THE 

Notorious loyalist, Alexander McLeod, 

WHO WAS TRIED FOR MURDER AT UTICA, ALSO THAT OF A 

MURDERER, 
LIEUT. R., OF THE TEXAN NAVY, 

EXECUTED IN LOUISIANA IN 1837, 
CONTRASTED WITH THE ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS OF 

The Rev. W. B. Channing, the Philanthropist of Boston, 

AND SOME OTHERS, INCLUDING 

Win. Lloyd Mackenzie, the Patriot ex-IYIayor of Toronto 

ALSO OF 

E. A. Theller, Brigadier General 

In the Canadian Republican Service ; both of whom have lost all their 

property and barely escaped with life, for advocating Liberty 

and opposing the odious British Tories in Canada. 

The above Heads have been each very carefully measured and examined 

by F. Coombs, practical Phrenologist, who submits this test 

of the Science to the American People. 

Hr READ, AND JUDGE FOR YOURSELVES 

On which side the grossest perjury and lying was perpetrated 

ON THE TRIAL AT UTICA 



The Phrenological Character of Mc'Leod was written as on page 
5, in Utica before the close of the trial. Subsequent events are 
proving, and will yet prove, the correctness of the opinion there 
formed by F. Coombs. (Compare his extraordinary measures, with 
above one hundred others, in Coombs' Phrenology.) 




PHRENOLOGICAL HEAD, 

EXHIBITING TH2 LOCATIONS OF THE CR5AKH 




A CORRECT PORTRAIT OF A. Mc'LEOD. 



MR. MC LE0D S OWN DESCRIPTION OF HIS MORAL CHARACTER, 



Communicated to Dr. J. A. H. of Kew-York. 

"I admit I am not what the world calls a moral man. Not that 
I am dishonest. No. When I was serving as sergeant in the 12th 
Lancers, at London, I got into debt, and lived on sixpence a day til. 
I got out of debt. But I have kissed men's wives and daughters. 
I wont say so much about the wives, but I am pretty certain about 
the daughters. When Mrs. Taylor claimed my protection, I gave 
it, and got her lodgings. Then I thought that, as I had gone so far 
there could not be great wrong in my taking a quid pro quo. So 
vou see that is the way this affair terminated. ,, 



5 



PHRENOLOGICAL DESCRIF iUJ\ OF TB'fc iJUAKAl' 

TER OF A RUFFIAN, PErfUAPS A -M UJIDEREIV- 

BY FRED. COOMBS. "URENOLOG1ST. 

Uiicji, Oct* 11, 184L 
The head of this person is larger iti »n base of the brain or tho 
animal propensities, than any head the au.. tt has measured or ex- 
amined for several years, whilst the forehead oi '-ntellectual organs ay 
well as the region of the moral sentiments, inclu.!"nf* both the di- 
recting and controlling organs, are very extremely decent- Ho i^ 
so small in caution that he is scarcely susceptilje of fear, nnd oftun 
rash, imprudent and very indiscreet, and does not hesitate to ^ay or 
do any thing whatever to effect his object, particularly with female 
He has no scruples of honor or conscience, and only thinks of his 
own gratification, regardless of every consideration of decency or 
honesty. He would openly boast of his immorality, and would 
make no pretensions to either virtue or religion. He would be an 
invaluable tool for loyal tories, or an excellent brigand. He is al- 
most insensible to the softer emotions of either love or charity for 
his fellow men* and was scarcely ever known to perform a disinter- 
ested action. He is a perfect slave to his animal propensities, both 
for women and wine, or war ; and we have no hesitation in assert- 
ing, that such a head would not hesitate to kidnap, murder, or de- 
stroy his fellow beings, should there be a moderate inducement to do 
so. He could meet death in battle when his passions were roused, 
without fear, but not having much firmness or moral courage, he 
can conquer others much easier than himself. His animal cour- 
age is very great, and he is also fond of boasting of it or any other 
of his physical qualifications, and like George the fourth, he is a six 
bottle man ; and like him, would also spend more than his income, 
and consider the people legitimate prey. His deadliest enemies 
would be his own passions, and very great allowance ought to be 
made for a head of such an unfortunate organization. He is vicious, 
vindictive, jealous and revengeful, and ought always to be avoided 
The neighborhood of such a man would be a public misfortune, un- 
less amongst lawless freebooters, with such he would be perfectly 
lionised. He would consider it a great misfortune to be absent from 
any marauding expedition, and if the plunder or expected emolu- 
ment was considerable, it would be very difficult, or next to impos- 
sible, to keep hna away He s an excellent monarchist if not a 



6 

moralist, as he prefers living by plunder rather than honest labor, 
and would be a regular office hunter for spoils. He would be also 
fond of gunning or mimic warfare, and indeed of every exciting 
amusement, such as gambling, horse-racing, man-fighting, dog- 
righting, &c. 

It would be next to a miracle to find such a head conducting itself 
with either decency, honesty, or propriety, as it is strikingly and pe- 
culiarly like that of a murderer, whose measurement is given in 
Coomb's popular Phrenology, page 14, and history, page 113, and 
should this man be executed, he will also, in his last moments, con- 
duct himself with perfect coolness and self-possession. He is a 
.man of prodigious strength and courage ; he is also very active 
and enduring in his physical organization, but not capable of much 
mental application, nor of reasoning clearly or philosophically on 
any subject. He has a keen eye to his own interest and makes 
money, but cannot keep it, as he is sure to indulge himself in ex- 
pensive amusements so long as he has the means or credit to do so. 
He is so selfish and small conscientiousness, that he thinks everj 
thing to be his own which he can lay his hands on. 

This person ought to be taken great care of or he will do mi^ 
chief, and as he is so very deficient of the moral or restraining 
faculties, he ought to be directed and restrained by others, and in or 
der to gratify his natural propensities he ought to be a butcher a 
slaughterer of animals, (and not men) as in that capacity, he could 
gratify his feelings and be a benefit to the community. Such a man 
has almost a monomania to destroy or kill, and where he has exhi- 
bited this so strongly he ought not to be let loose on society, but to be 
taken great care of and have a keeper. Thus he might mak« 
amends for the wrongs and outrages he has committed on society ; 
whilst to hang such a man is directly to impugn the divine author 
of his existence, who created and endowed him as he is. Delight- 
ing in war as much as a bull dog or tiger, he can never be an intel- 
lectually great, or a really sentimental good man ; it is absurd to 
expect it from such an head, and the best we can do is to prevent 
them doing mischief. He is radically, and naturally, a bad man, 
and ought never to be trusted. A head of this description certainly 
deserves our pity as much as our hate, and to expect any high dis- 
interested virtues from such a head would, indeed, be to expect 
figs from thorns or grapes from thistles. This head may be con- 
sidered as one of that character which is naturally prone to evil or 
cruelty. — His low cunning is very great, as his secretiveness is large 
and having small conscientiousness, he would as soon tell a lie as the 
truth and much rather, if he is to gain any thing by it. This head 
is strikingly like that of Deaf Burke, the celebrated pugilist. He 



is also extremely similar to that individual whose person and fea- 
tures he bears a strong resemblance, being rather more ugly than 
the Deaf one. His physiognomical expression is extremely repul- 
sive. He has a singularly large, strong and protruding under jaw. 
He has also, a particularly large mouth, and possesses a peculiarity 
in having the corners of it drawn down in a very remarkable de- 
gree, which occasionally gives him a very grim appearance. 
This peculiarity the writer's attention was confirmed in, by the re- 
mark of a stranger to a by-stander in the court, who observed that 
he had a perfect tiger like expression, and to communicate his idea 
applied his fingers and drew down each corner of his mouth. His 
face is immensely broad, but its disproportionate length is from be- 
low the nose, which feature is very short, and appears turned up, 
from having as it were, an immense broad lump on the end of it. 
This feature is extremely deficient in finish or delicacy of outline, 
and projects but a very short distance indeed from his face, whilst 
it is very broad at the base, having a bumpish or flat appearance. 
He is particularly broad across the brows, and he must be a first 
rate mathematician and ready calculator, and is, naturally, a good 
artist and mechanic, so far as exercised, and has an extraordinary 
good memory of persons, places and positions. Viewing him in 
front, the height and breadth of face is immense, whilst the fore- 
head is very deficient indeed, in heighth, and being singularly broad 
does not improve his appearance. His head being composed of two 
thirds face, the greater portion of which is mouth, to signify he 
came to bite the world. His physical activity, strength and endur- 
ance must be very great, and he must be very fond of real or mi- 
mic warfare, as wrestling, boxing, shooting, or any athletic games, 
in which he would beat most competitors. 

He would be a remarkably active partisan, and a very powerful 
one, on whichever side he could get the most pay from, as might 
with him constitutes right, he would be sure to hold with the 
strongest and richest party, and not being very discriminating, sen- 
timental, or sensitive, it is easy to persuade such a man his interest 
is his duty. He would go any lengths of daring or desperation, in 
proportion to the reward held out to him, as he is almost insensible 
to fear in any case. His selfish propensities being enormous, he 
. would generally be blind to all other considerations but selfish ad- 
vancement. Such a man would be invaluable to the British tories, to 
carry out their schemes of wholesale plunder and murder; also, if 
necessary, he could be recommended for the discharge of any du- 
ty, however diabolical or hazardous, should there be no possibility 
of the adverse party giving him a greater sum to turn round and 
murder on the other side. 



Phrenological Opinion on the talents and character of T '*>. Loyd 

Mackenzie, from actual measurement and examination, by 
FREDERICK COOMBS, PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST- 

The head of this gentleman is very large indeed, as shown by 
measurement He is rather a diminutive person, and does not 
weigh, probably, 120 pounds, whilst A. McLeod must be, nearly or 
quite, 200 pounds, which gives an immense difference in favor of 
the moral and intellectual character of Mackenzie. 

A Phrenologist would infer from the head of Mackenzie, that he 
possesses intellectual powers of a very high order, but is deficient 
in the perceptive or observing faculties. He can plan far better than 
he can execute, and is also moderate in animal courage and nevei 
contends unless he is sustained by his moral sentiments and intel- 
lect, and can wield the pen better than the sword. He is singularly 
benevolent, kind, and charitable, and would be apt to spend money, 
time, and talents, for others, which he ought not to do if he regards 
his own interest, but this he too often forgets. He is remarkably 
enthusiastic, has very large hope and mirthfulness, and no troubles 
or difficulties annoy him long, as he has a remarkable flow of good 
spirits, and, troubles which would drive some men to desperation, 
are only subjects of ridicule for him. 

His temperament or constitutional activity is of the very highest 
order, he can never be indolent or inactive. He is remarkably 
excitable and quick about every thing he says or does, and rather im- 
patient but seldom revengeful or cruel, even when he has the power 
to be so, and very forgiving. The distresses of others annoy him 
as much as his own. He can never tolerate injustice, and would be 
ready to sacrifice every thing he has in the world to resist tyranny 
and unlawful aggression, whether offered to himself or others. He 
is too fond of his children and family, and would be rather apt to 
spoil them by indulgence, and would never be happy when absent 
from home and family. He is a most devoted friend and lover, ex- 
tremely fond of the society of the fair sex, and is very gallant and 
polite, and would never be perfectly happy in the single state. He 
is a great favorite, and is very partial to the society of ladies ; as he 
is remarkably social, and fond of refined and intellectual conversa- 
tion. 

His order and method 2 re very good ; and he has a time, mode, 
and place for every thing. He is ready in figures and mathematics- 



9 

His memory is very good, of generalities ; but somewhat defectve, 
of names and detai's. He has good taste ; is fond of the beautiful, 
the ideal, and believes in perfection ; and, being apt to judge others 
by himself, very often gets deceived. He has a better opinion of 
mankind than they deserve. His innate feeling of justice is very 
strong ; and he would be truly unhappy could he not discharge his 
obligations of a pecuniary nature. He is extremely sensitive to kind- 
ness, and would more than repay a favor conferred on him. His 
generosity is unbounded, and would generally keep him poor and 
penniless ; he would be improvident in money matters. 

He has a fair share of ingenuity in mechanics,, and can generally 
make any thing he attempts, although he is more fond of literary 
than of mechanical pursuits. He is generally employed in writing, 
speaking, or thinking ; and he generally reasons from first princi- 
ples, and arrives at correct facts ; but he is not so skilful in remedy- 
ing as in discovering and denouncing abuses, of whatever nature, 
form, or quality. 

He is petulant, and may domineer occasionally, but never do any 
thing knowingly wrong. He is a true patriot and philanthropist, 
and loves all mankind, exceping those whom he believes to be 
wicked, lying tories. He is a sincere republican, and will always 
judge the failings of others leniently ; and if be is ever severe, it is 
that he may be just. Towards the majority or the poorer classes, 
and the unfortunate, he has too much sympathy, as he goes too 
great a length to serve them ; particularly as he has been through 
much suffering himself, and can the more correctly appreciate the 
misfortunes of others. 

He has not much brute courage, and not a very great degree of 
moral, or firmness in excess. His moral character is invariably 
good, excepting he might have some errors of youth yet remaining, 
but on the whole is rather exemplary, although not so religious as 
he might be. In this respect he is very accommodating, will always 
reason amicably, and is not sectarian, but very liberal, and never 
judges men by their professions, but by their actions. He has 
strong partialities and aversions, and is not always impartial in his 
judgement, as his feelings are very sensitive. He desires the good 
of all mankind, and never hesitates to avow his opinions, regardless 
of selfish considerations,, and is occasionally indiscreet in this res- 
pect. He will make any sacrifice for the good of his family, and 
never leaves any stone unturned by which they may be benefitted. 
He is remarkably kind and affectionate in every relation of life, and 
will lend or give away almost any thing he has in the world. His 
reasoning faculties are remarkably acute and searching, as he 
always goes back to first principles, and reasons from cause to effect 



10 

His conscientiousness is very large and he could not deliberately 
do wrong to another. 

A. Mc'Leod now having left this country, the author conceives 
he may state factg respecting him, which came to his knowledge 
a the moment of his leaving Utica. The U S in- 
formed him that Mc'Leod had left Utica considerably in his debt ; a 
great portion of which was money advanced for necessaries during 
his confinement ; although, to show he was lately supplied witn 
abundance of money from some quarter, he had champaign suppers 
very frequently at Bagg's Hotel, to say nothing of fees to counsel, 
&c. And yet this man left without even returning thanks to one 
who had so much befriended him in his necessity ; in fact, it is per- 
fectly notorious Mc'Leod was treated here more like a gentleman 
on a friendly visit, than a felon accused of murder. 

The author might also state, as illustrative of his preceding re- 
marks, that he obtained the measure of Mr. Mc'Leod's head three 
days before the close of the trial ; that of Mr. Mackenzie, about the 
same time ; and he was only prevented from giving publicity to them 
in their present form irom the fear of prejudicing the cause of the 
then prisoner. Mr. Mc'Leod, at that time, and every day subse- 
quently, promised the writer that he would sit to have his bust or 
cast taken ; as he informed him, after measuring it, that his head was 
a very extraordinary one, and ought, by all means, to be preserved 
to the admirers of phrenology. And even so late as this morning, 
at half past eight o'clock, he promised to sit at ten or eleven o'clock, 
when, at the same time, his trunk was packed, and he started off 
by railroad, within half an hour of so promising. Thus, to the last 
moment, he was fully determined to earn the character previously 
written of him, 

We must conclude by quoting the words of one of his own vir- 
tuous witnesses, after the trial, who observed, in our hearing, that, 
considering the very active part Mc'Leod had invariably taken im- 
mediately before and after the Caroline affair, it may be considered 
a miracle that he was not there. So miracles have not yet ceased, 
gentle reader. 

As these very loyal captains, colonels, &c., pensioned on full pay by 
the British tories, are taught to believe, as part of their creed, their 
king or queen can do no wrong, and who have proved themselves 
their ready tools to commit murder on peaceable, unarmed Ameri- 
can citizens, at midnight, it requires no great stretch of imagination 
to conceive they might so far obey their Sovereign's mandates, as 
to think it their duty to clear the prisoner by any means, foul or fair. 
See the trial 



11 



INCIDENTAL REMARKS. 

We would humbly suggest to the American people, that the first 
n*axim of Tory British Warfare is invariably to carry on the war in 
r.he enemy's territory. This, we believe, they have always done to 
the terror and cost of all nations ; and we would now say, that the 
Americans have a most excellent opportunity of fairly retaliating, by 
sympathizing with all of these outraged and injured subjects of 
Great Britain, and their name is legion, as Chartists, &c. &c. Not 
that we would arm them with leaden bullets to murder their tyrants, 
but with paper bullets of the brain, by which they might estimate 
the difference of the governments, Republican and Monarchial, in 
the shape of cheap pamphlets, lectures, &c. And could something 
be contributed for this purpose by the American people, with funds 
or contribution, we have no hesitation in saying it would prove a 
greater safeguard to our shores, and to the liberty and independence 
of the country, than a whole navy of steamers, and at a hundredth, 
nay, a thousandth part of the cost ; and without resorting to brute 
force and wholesale murder, which war necessarily must be, whether 
undertaken by single duelists, or by hosts of them, as we humblv 
conceive, there is just as much justice and legality in two men killing 
each other, as two nations; and war, either wholesale or retail, 
never yet facilitated or promoted justice; but, on the contrary, 
might invariably usurps the place of right. And hence the horrible 
cruelties and wars of the British tories. In every quarter of the 
world, they commence in fraud and terminate in murder. See the 
histories of America, India, China, &c. Also instanced in the case of 
the Caroline ; its outrageous violation of our territory ; the wanton 
and cruel murders of unarmed and defenceless men, at midnight ; 
the destruction of the boat, &c, planned and executed by lawless 
desperadoes and hireling tories ; and this act, as will be seen, to its 
chief actors is the high-road to nobility, (save the mark !) prefer- 
ment, and favor, by these venal and corrupt tories ; thus adding in- 
sult to injury on the American people. And let it be remembered, 
these tories at home are the origin and source of every villainy in 
Canada, &c, by their standing army of tory pensioners, governors, 
&c. ; whose only mission or business in Canada is to plunder the 
people, under the name of governors, colonels, captains, &c. 

Could Mackenzie, and other patriots, be liberally furnished with 
funds to circulate their papers in Canada, it would go further to de- 
stroy this tory power of injuring America than the far more costly 
mode of building steamers, erecting batteries, &c Not but thess 



12 

are absolutely necessary in the present state of affeirs ; but the 
poor of Great Britain, Canada, Ireland, &c., would be the best de- 
fenders of the American people, would the latter but take the 
pains to sympathize with them, and contribute small sums, either to 
Chartists, Repealers, or Patriots ; for all these are engaged in the 
same holy cause, liberty for the people, and in destroying tory 
usurpation and robberies, which, under various names, as taxes, &c. 
&c, has been computed to exceed one million dollars per day, from 
the labors of the working classes in England, Ireland* and Scotland, 
alone. Hence the starvation, appalling crimes, and miseries there, 
to make us weep. 

Americans ! have you any conscientiousness, or can you, by your 
silence, approve of such atrocities ? 

It is almost needless here to repeat the fact, that their poor people 
of England have no more to do with the acts of the government, or 
are responsible for its outrageous tyrannies and robberies, than are 
the American people themselves. This is a fact which ought for 
ever to be kept in view by the American people. And also, that 
the tory government of England are almost as much hated and 
feared by the great bulk of the people in England, as they are by 
other victims — the Irish, the Chinese, East Indians, &c. ; and, in- 
deed, they have much greater cause to fear and hate them, for they 
are robbed to an infinitely greater extent than all other foreign na- 
tions whatever, put together. The Canadians themselves are not 
robbed probably above one tenth as much as the poor English, 
Irish, &c, at home. 

The gallant Chartist, O'Connor, just released from prison, says 
that he shall have four millions of Chartists' signatures within six 
months. These, added to O'Connell's Repealers, the Corn Law 
Repealers, and Patriots in Canada, will give these tories full employ- 
ment at home ; and we think the Americans have not much to fear 
from them. These agitators are our present best defenders. Let 
us help them. 

What we desire above all things is to impress on the American 
people the natural sympathy the people of England, Ireland, &c, 
have for them and republicanism, and hatred of their own thievish, 
tyrannical government ; and with a little assistance, or even without 
it, we are confident the English and Irish will be enabled, sooner 
or later, to free themselves from their present odious slavery. Ameri- 
cans would be immediately benfitted by their so obtaining it. 






13 



MURDEROUS ATTACK ON THE AMERICANS. 

FKOM THE FREEMAN'S CHRONICLE, PAGE 107. 

\The steamboat Caroline took out a license at Buffalo, as a ferry 
boit for passengers — sailed to Tonawanda — thence to Schlosser, 
rxA twice between it and Navy Island. Schlosser contains an old 
store-house and a small inn. At five o'clock in the evening the 
Caroline was moored at the wharf. The tavern being very full, a 
number of gentlemen took beds in the boat — in all about thirty-three 
persons slept there. A watch was placed on deck at eight o'clock ; 
the watchmen unarmed — there was only one pocket pistol on board, 
and no powder. At midnight, the Caroline was attacked by five 
boats, full of armed men from the English army at Chippewa, who 
killed (as themselves say) six men, or as the American account has 
it, eleven. A number was severely wounded, as the people in the 
American port could make no resistance. To kill them was, there- 
fore, a wanton assassination. The cry of the assailants was " G — d 
d — n them — no quarter — fire, fire !" 

Amos Durfee, of Buffalo, was found dead upon the dock, a mus- 
ket ball having passed through his head. The Caroline sailed un- 
der the American flag, which the assailants took to Toronto, and 
displayed at annual festivals, in honor of this outrage. She was set 
in a blaze, cut adrift, and sent over the falls of Niagara. We wit- 
nessed the dreadful scene from Navy Island. The thrilling cry ran 
around that there were living souls on board ; and as the vessel, 
wrapt in vivid flame, which disclosed her doom as it shone brightly 
on the water, was hurrying down the resistless rapids to the tre- 
mendous Cataract, the thunder of which, more awfully distinct in 
the midnight stillness, horrified every mind with the presence of 
their inevitable fate ; numbers caught, in fancy, the wails of dying 
wretches, hopelessly perishing by the double horrors of a fate which 
nothing could avert; and watched, with agonized attention, the 
flaming mass, till it was hurried over the falls to be crushed in ever- 
lasting darkness in the unfathomed tomb of waters below. Several 
Canadians, who left the Island in the Caroline that evening, to re- 
turn next day, have not since been heard of, and doubtless were 
*mong the murdered, or hid on board and perished with the ill-fated 
vessei. 



AN APPEAL FOR THE MEXICANS. 



The author of the preceding pages having, several years previo v 
to this expression of his sentiments, renounced allegiance to the British 
Government, and having since that period revisited his early home and 
several British Colonies, he still repeats, and has been from actual ob- 
servation fully satisfied of the monstrous and cruel injustice of that 
Government to all classes of its subjects, excepting, perhaps, the very 
few recipients of its favors, and the fewer privileged aristocratic clas- 
ses, who are already encumbered with enormous and prodigal wealth, 
and for the most part used only for the worst of purposes, and requiring 
no prophet to predict the speedy downfall of such an accursed system. 

Holding up to the view of the world, the sublimely moral specta- 
cle, that neither nations or people can outrage nature's laws witn im- 
punity, and one of the greatest aud most flagrant crimes the English 
Government has perpetrated since the Norman Conquest, (alias Butch- 
ery,) has been in butchering other nations and people, with whom 
they had either real or imaginary difficulties. 

They have been consequently most eminently a fighting people ; and 
in the language of one of her noble poets, speaking of one of her war- 
ifiors, he says : 

" He was the eon of that true mother, 
Who butchered half the world, and bullied t'other." 

Asia and America. 

This naturally leads every lover of republicanism and the well- 
being of America, by every means possible to avoid the disastrous 
and truly lamentable condition in which we find her placed ; and as 
like effects follow like causes, are not the American people sowing 
tares and thistles, which they or their children will eventually reap in 
their present unhappy contest with a sister republic ? 

The writer, for one, greatly fears it, indeed, mid thus entreats, aye, 
humbly entreats, the American Sovereigns, the mistaken people, to 
pause in their career of conquest, and view rhe fearful picture of im- 
poverished and bankrupt Europe, who have squandered mountains 
of treasure, and shed oceans of blood in accursed war, and while 
huzzaing for conquest have undermined their own otherwise happy 
homes, in which they will, we fear, be finally engulphed. 

Well, beloved Americans, let us implore you, in the name of all 
that is great and good, to abjure tbis war; ays, at all hazards, to stop 
this war; yes, we most humbly implore you as the veriest beggar, we 
beg and entreat you to act with mercy and forbearance to a con 
quered and greatly mistaken, misruled people, the Mexicans. Act 
with that imperishable and glorious magnanimity, and noble generosity, 
you exhibited towards our common brethren, the Irish ^ncl Scotch. 
So shall your name ascend as grateful incense befoie htgn heaven. 

" The quality of mercy is not strain' d ; 
It droppeth, as the gentle dew from heaven, 
Upon the place beneath. It is twice bless'd; 
It blesseth him that gives, and him receivings 
Tis mightiest in the mighty ; it bec-mvs 
The throned monarch, better thfm n»s crown, 
It is an attribute to God himseH", 
And earthly power doth then showlikest Go(f s, 
When mercy seasons justice." 

New York, Nov. 1, 1847. 



Extraordinary Patriotic Resemblances. 
The following extract, from From Mrs. C. M. Kirkland's 



Memoirs of Washington. Page 
164:— 

" The murder of helpless fami- 
lies may be laid to my account 
here. The supplicating tears of 
the women and the moving peti- 
tions of the men melt me into 
such a deadly sorrow that I 
solemnly declare, if I know my 
own mind, I could offer myself 
a willing sacrifice to the butcher- 
ing enemy, provided that would 
contribute to the people's case." 
The above work was not seen, 
and then accidentally, by F. 
Coombs, until after publication 
of his petition to the Legislature 
in 1860. F. Pike, Bookseller, 
Cor. of Leisdorf st. S. F. F. C. 
is desirous to publish about one 
hundred similar resemblances. 
The author of this little book most strikingly resembles our be* 
loved Gen. Washington's generosity, in his having been a thousand 
dollar comforter to the sick and distressed poor in California, 1852, 
and in Ohio, 1856, and a benefactor to the poor of Canada, 1827, 
England, Australia and poor Mexico : resembling our Martyr Rail- 
splitting President, in having been a free Ditcher of California, and 
paying his own board : resembling our Philosophical Franklin as a 
pioneer, living like a beggar ; to give like a prince ! And a bleeding 
(in the pocket) martyr to science and patriotism around the world ! 
and perhaps the rarest man of ancient or modern times. 
Patronize him, says a lady of New- York. — 1857. 



his petition dated February 10th> 
1860, to the Legislature, handed 
to D. W. Welty, Esq., member 
for Sacramento, exhibits his ar- 
] dent love for our glorious Union : 
"F. Coombs flatters himself) 
that by these, his antecedents as 
a pioneer of California, it will be 
proven that such has been his 
remarkably self-denying and ex- 
traordinary love for the North 
and the South, that if there is an 
impending crisis, and if required, 
he is perfectly willing, in a spir- 
it of love, to present his unarmed 
and unoffending body as a target 
and shield for the protection of 
our beloved Union, whether the 
would-be assassin comes from the 
North or from the South, from 
the East or from the West." 



Floating Ice in 
Niagara River. 




The Pioneer $100,00 Matrimonial F 
; moter, the Free Ditcher of California a 
the Great Champagne Runner, &c, volunteering to risk a fall (150 fee 
braving death by pain, hoping by carrying Niagara to tipplers to cool th 
fiery breath : or, better still, to save them from a worse fate, a strychn 
death. 

i * A true name given him in a most delightful dream, introducing him 
Heaven, Ladies, Dashaways, &c. See H. Hasel tine's letter, 1850. 



PHRENOLOGY. 



Searcher of the secret springs. 

Whence the outward actions flow,— 
Haste ye on with rapid wings, 

Light shall follow where ye go,— 
Discord shall be hushed in peace, 

Dark deceit shall flee away, — 
Time shall be when doubt shall cease 

To retard thy onward way. 
Op'ner of the mind's sealed book, 

Its hidden treasures to explore — -- 
Tracing out each secret nook, 

And unfolding all its power. 
Science all divine haste on 

In thy truth illumined car, 
To thy standard shall be won, 

From the wilds of error far, 
Many a noble champion 

Shining in thy ranks a star* 



Portland, Me. 



Anna. 



RECOMMENDATION 



Boston, Mass. 

been acquainted with 



From Levi Merrill, M. D, 

For several years past, I have 
Mr. Noyes Wheeler, and hereby express the satisfac 
tion I have felt in hearing him lecture on phrenology, 
and witnessing his examination of heads. From the ac- 
quaintance I have obtained of the science, (if science it 
may be called,) and of the facts thereto relating, and from 
hearing many other eminent men lecture on the subject, I 
am of opinion that in his knowledge therein, and his pe- 
culiar tact and correctness in his examining heads, and de- 
veloping the true characters of individuals, as a practical 
phrenologist he stands unrivalled ; of which I think any 
philosophic or reasonable person would be fully convinc- 
ed, if they would put to the test his powers, knowledge, 
and skill, in relation to the subject. 

LEVI MERRILL. 

Boston, Nov. 16, 1844. 




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